Research On The Power Allocation Between Schools And Universities In China

With the increasing autonomy of colleges and universities,the internal governance of universities is getting more and more attention.The relationship between universities and schools is an important part of internal governance in colleges and universities.How to handle the relationship between universities and schools,inspire the vitality of university education,and improve the performance of universities have become the difficulties and keys in the process of internal university governance reform in China.The core of the relationship between universities and schools is the allocation of power among universities and schools.At present,there are many problems in the relationship between universities and schools,which can be attributed to the unreasonable allocation of power between universities and schools.What kind of power does the university need to coordinate and distribute? What is the current status of the power allocation in universities? What theories should be used to examine the issue of power allocation among schools and universities?How to optimize the inter-school power allocation in practice? These are the problems that need to be solved in this paper.Based on the literature review,theoretical analysis and historical investigation of power allocation in schools and universities at home and abroad,this paper takes 31 undergraduate colleges and universities in Shandong Province as the main object,by the method of survey and statistical analysis,and selects four aspects of the power to observe and investigate the basic situation of the power allocation of schools and universities in Shandong Province,including the autonomy of financial management of the schools,autonomy in personnel management,the resource allocation,and decision-making power,as the observation point,and do the comprehensive analysis of the basic situation of power allocation in Shandong province.The data are obtained by means of interviews and questionnaires.This paper systematically and comprehensively analyzes the basic situation of power allocation among schools and universities in Shandong Province.The data are obtained by means of interviews and questionnaires.Through further descriptive data analysis,this paper holds that the vertical power allocation of schools and universities in Shandong Province is characterized by the coexistence of commonness and particularity.The common features are that most schools and universities do not delegate their powers to the schools thoroughly,and the universities retain more important issues of decision-making power such as financial and personnel resources,resources allocation,enrollment,discipline construction,etc.particularity refers to the difference between the universities.The Kohonen neural network clustering algorithm is used to cluster colleges and universities in Shandong Province.This paper summarizes the basic characteristics of three kinds of power allocation models and sums up the main factors that affect the power allocation of schools and universities by means of exploratory factor analysis.It concludes that there are three types of power allocation among schools and universities in Shandong Province: "starfish type","hybrid network type" and "pyramid type",among which the proportion of "starfish type" with the main characteristic of college decentralization is the lowest accounting for less than 1/5.The proportion of "hybrid network" is the largest,which indicates that most colleges and universities are carrying out the reform of power allocation,which is characterized by selective decentralization."Pyramid" universities,still account for 1/3 of the universities surveyed,are characterized by the concentration of school power.By using the exploratory factor analysis method,this paper analyzes the six main factors that affect the power allocation mode between colleges and universities,that is,the external environment of universities,the types of colleges and universities,the scale of full-time ordinary undergraduate students and full-time graduate students,the management the experience and level of universities,The importance degree of schools in universities and the level of schools management.This paper analyzes the importance of each factor to the comprehensive factor is analyzed by the feature selection algorithm in order to provide strong data support for analyzing the problems existing in the power allocation of schools and universities and for putting forward the optimized path.Through the case study,the paper verifies the characteristics of the three models of power allocation and the influencing factors on the formation of the model.Finally,the paper analyzes and summarizes the problems and reasons in the power allocation of schools and universities.The main problems in content are the insufficient decentralization of decision-making power in the allocation of power between colleges and universities.Themain problems in form are that the boundary of the power of the school is not clear,the form of the power allocation between the schools and universities needs to be perfected,and the main reasons for these problems lies in four aspects.The first is the influence of the deep structure on the allocation of power between schools and universities,the second is the government’s control over the autonomy of university-running,and the third is the restriction of the governance level and the ability of governance of universities.Fourth,the schools lack the good environment of power operation.This paper makes a new attempt in data survey and empirical research.The basic conclusion of this study is that the optimization of university power allocation is not a partial adjustment of the current university management system but an institutional innovation project and a profound reform of the university management system.Therefore,the optimization of the allocation of power in colleges and universities must have a clear goal-oriented and value-oriented guiding ideology,that is,considered systematically,measures should be taken into account according to local conditions,centralization and decentralization should be balanced,power and responsibilities should be symmetrical and clear,and the process should be gradual and orderly,which is beneficial to the improvement of academic productivity.The vertical distribution of power is a complex systematic project.In order to make the power play a positive role,it is necessary to establish a scientific and effective set of optimization mechanisms,including the goal-oriented vertical power allocation mechanism,a pilot school reform mechanism,a power list and a negative power list system,a target reform,etc.Meanwhile,it must establish and improve the guarantee mechanism of power allocation from three aspects,that is,the government needs to further expand the autonomy of running a university,the university needs to establish a system and organizational guarantee,and the school needs to regulate the operation of power.