A Study On Kazakhstan’s Balanced Diplomatic Strategy Towards China And Russia

Kazakhstan is located in the hinterland of the Central Asian continent.Its territory spans two continents of Europe and Asia,and its geostrategic position is extremely important.At the same time,Kazakhstan’s resource advantage is very clear,with abundant mineral deposits and oil and gas resources.The enormous economic and strategic interests inherent in these two traits make them the object of competition among countries.All countries have paid great attention to the development dynamics of Kazakhstan,and even a growing number of countries have engaged in fierce competition around the issue of Kazakhstan.In this context,Kazakhstan’s foreign strategy has also become an issue of general concern to various countries and regions.With the collapse of the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan becoming an independent state,it was at a time when the bipolar pattern was disintegrating and the international situation was developing in turmoil,and the forces of the reactionaries remained within Kazakhstan.In this situation,how to maintain the stability of domestic power through the formulation of foreign policy has become an important task facing Kazakhstan.At the same time,at the beginning of independence,Kazakhstan’s economy was struggling,and in the process of restoring and developing its economy,attracting foreign investment and gaining advanced technological experience were particularly urgent for Kazakhstan at this time.The national problems faced by the country,drug smuggling,the impact of color revolution and a series of threats,so that there is a series of instability in social development,relying on its own strength is difficult to solve completely.The promotion of a series of domestic factors,along with Kazakhstan’s cultural tradition of tolerance and coexistence,coupled with the promotion of various international factors,as well as President Nazarbayev’s personal judgement,have jointly contributed to the formulation of Kazakhstan’s balanced diplomatic strategy.Both Russia and China are important targets in Kazakhstan’s balanced diplomacy,and Kazakhstan has adopted a balanced diplomatic strategy in interacting with China and Russia.Kazakhstan is rich with natural resources,however,under the important influence of the Soviet period,the domestic economic structure was deformed,heavy industry is more developed,light industry,textile industry is not as efficient as they ought to be,while China’s light industry,textile industry is very developed,in terms of energy,it has a large number of import demand.Therefore,the economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China can achieve mutual benefit and win.In many areas,such as politics and security,Kazakhstan and China share a wide range of common aspirations.From a geopolitical point of view,the geographical conditions adjacent to each other allow Kazakhstan to via China in search of the sea,as well as to create checks and balances with the strong neighbor of Russia to the north.Economically,in order to achieve a shift to a market economy system,Kazakhstan needs to promote the introduction of technology and advanced equipment In terms of security,both countries face the troubles of "three forces" and need to strengthen cooperation to jointly resist foreign forces.In the light of the foregoing,Kazakhstan attaches great importance to and actively develops bilateral relations with China.Since the formal diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1992,Kazakhstan’s foreign policy towards China has also been constantly developing and adjusting,and the development of bilateral relations has gone through different stages of development of good-neighborly and friendly relations,cooperative partnership and strategic cooperative partnership.Fruitful results have been achieved in cultural and humanistic cooperationHistorically,Kazakhstan has been closely associated with Russia and is in a highly integrated form of development,which has also made relations with Russia an important consideration in Kazakhstan’s foreign policy.During the Soviet period,foreign economic and trade was planned and developed uniformly by the Soviet Union,so Kazakhstan did not have an independent right to trade.At the beginning of independence,Kazakhstan still faced the problem of no trading partner,so at this stage its trading partners were dominated by the former Soviet republics,and Russia was its most important trading partner.In terms of military security,Kazakhstan would also like to receive help from Russia.During the Soviet period,Kazakhstan was an important nuclear test base of the Soviet Union,with a large number of nuclear facilities.Since independence,Kazakhstan has become one of the countries possessing nuclear weapons,and Kazakhstan faces a series of problems that have made it too free to take into account the development and management of nuclear weapons,and therefore hopes that Russia can help it to resolve the issue of nuclear weapons.Kazakhstan also needs to cooperate with Russia in the handling of ethnic issues,while the common history of development has led to a profound impact on the Kazakh people in terms of Russian language and culture.This series of factors has prompted Kazakhstan to actively develop bilateral relations with Russia.After independence,Kazakhstan’s foreign policy towards Russia has also undergone constant adjustment,and relations with Russia have gone through different stages of development.On the whole,bilateral relations have been continuously consolidated and further developed on the basis of the original.The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is one of the most important regional cooperation organizations and has won an important position in the international arena.China,Russia and Kazakhstan are all important members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,in which they play an important role,especially the two countries,because the two countries themselves have a strong comprehensive strength,they have the greatest influence.China and Russia share common interests,and within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,a great deal of cooperation has been carried out between the two countries:carrying out cooperation in the field of security,working with other member countries to crack down on the"three forces",and carrying out economic cooperation,not only developing bilateral economic cooperation between the two countries,it also actively promotes multilateral economic cooperation with other Member States,and carries out active exchanges and cooperation in the field of culture and humanities under the concept of seeking common ground while reserving differences,mutual respect and seeking joint development.Seeing the friendly cooperation and fruitful results carried out by China and Russia under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,they must also objectively recognize that both China and Russia are seeking to realize and safeguard their own interests in the process of developing foreign cooperation.Maximization,the cooperation between the two countries under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization must also have certain differences of interests:in terms of geostrategic understanding,both countries hope to strengthen their influence in Central Asia,and there are certain interests around the interests of Central Asia.Disagreement,the "China threat theory" has certain adverse effects in Russia;the attitudes of the two countries to the Western countries headed by the United States are different.Russia has a relatively pro-Western tradition,and China has always been influenced by Western countries since its inception.The two countries also have differences in economic development needs.For Russia,members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,in addition to China,are involved in Russian-led cooperation mechanisms such as the Eurasian Economic Community,and Russia would prefer to strengthen cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Community and other mechanisms through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,but for China,China’s Multilateral Cooperation Organization in Central Asia has only one Shanghai Cooperation Organization.Therefore,China attaches great importance to economic cooperation under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and creates a good external environment for its own development,and there is also some controversy between the two countries in the expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and its ideology.In the face of cooperation and differences between China and Russia,how to further strengthen cooperation with China and Russia under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and dilute the differences between the two countries has become an important task facing Kazakhstan’s balanced diplomacy between China and Russia.Kazakhstan is also a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.Strengthening cooperation among member states is one of the purposes of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.Therefore.Kazakhstan should continue to promote more cooperation with China and Russia under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.Cooperation in various fields will jointly attack the "three forces" and further strengthen bilateral economic cooperation and cultural and cultural exchanges with China and Russia.Faced with the diffirences between the two countries,Kazakhstan should place more emphasis on multilateral cooperation within the framework of this organization,so that both China and Russia can think more about issues and make choices from the perspective of multilateral cooperation.At the same time,Kazakhstan within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,should place more emphasis on the attitude of the countries of the Central Asian region,emphasizing the important position and positive role played by the Central Asian countries in the cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,while at the same time expressing more the interests of the Central Asian countries,so that China and Russia can fully attach importance to and respect the attitude and strategic choices of the Central Asian countries,so as to avoid the differences of interests between China and Russia because of the competition in the Central Asian region,and can better safeguard the interests of the countries of the Central Asian region.After years of practice,Kazakhstan has made some achievements in balanced diplomacy between China and Russia.Kazakhstan’s most outstanding achievements in Russian diplomacy in recent years are reflected in the development of the Eurasian Economic Union.Kazakhstan’s cooperation with China also covers a number of political,economic,cultural and other aspects.In the development of balanced diplomacy between China and Russia,cooperation with China and Russia has also brought tangible benefits to Kazakhstan.Of course,Kazakhstan’s balanced diplomacy between China and Russia also faces some problems,and there are some limitations,including that cooperation with two major Powers has had a certain negative impact on its political independence,and that economic cooperation with China and Russia has not fundamentally changed the downward trend of Kazakhstan’s economic development,and diplomatic initiative has not played a sufficient role.Kazakhstan’s balanced foreign policy between China and Russia is a typical diplomatic strategy for small and medium-sized countries,and it can also provide a strong reference for the formulation of the diplomatic strategy of small and medium-sized countries,that is,to choose a balanced foreign policy among the major Powers,make full use of their own diplomatic resources,and find out that the diplomatic relations Attractive content for each other,and give full play to the power of this part of the resources to develop relations with the great Powers.At the same time,in its dealings with large countries,adhere to the principle of the supremacy of national interests,at the same time develop relations with many countries,flexibly deal with relations with the major Powers,make full use of their common needs,try to resolve conflicts between them,and use balanced diplomacy to play a diplomatic role greater than the strength of the country,use diplomacy to defend and promote the interests of the country.