Research On The Political Thoughts Of Yuanyou Academic Group

"Yuanyou Academic" 元佑学术is a specific concept in history with a clear connotation.Generally speaking,it is refers to the theoretical form opposite to"Wang Anshi’s Neo-Learning" 荆公新学in late Northern Song Dynasty that mainly contains Shuo Xue朔学,Shu Xue蜀学and Luo Xue洛学,rather than broadly equivalent to the academic throughout the Yuanyou period.The corresponding Yuanyou Academic Group is not the academic group during the Yuanyou period,but the scholarbureaucrats group with a common"Yuanyou Academic" background.Sima Guang School司马光学派,Su Shi Literati Group苏轼文人集团and Luo Xue School洛学学派are the main body of Yuanyou Academic Group."Yuanyou Academic" is a key stage in the development process of"Song Learning" 宋学,it inherits the"Qingli Academic" 庆历学术,goes hand-in-hand with"Wang Anshi’s Neo-Learning" and initiates the"Dao Xue" 道学of the Southern Song Dynasty."Yuanyou Academic" has a close relationship with"Yuanyou Politics" 元佑政事and is even regarded as the ideology of"Yuanyou Politics" .In the past 100 years,the academic circles made rich academic achievements on the study of Shu Xue and Luo Xue.Despite this,if we take"Yuanyou Academic" as a whole,it is still not enough in these areas such as the basic features,problem consciousness and common interests of"Yuanyou Academic" .The Song Dynasty scholar-bureaucrats generally have the triple identity of scholars,bureaucrats and literati.Their academics are inseparable from their political ideals and political actions and main purpose is to practice their political ideals.From the perspective of political thought to understand"Yuanyou Academic" helps to understand the essential attributes of"Yuanyou Academic" .In fact,the focus of"Yuanyou Academic" is not to make a critical theoretical reflection on"Xifeng New Law" 熙丰新法and"Wang Anshi’s Neo-Learning" ,but to adjust the"introverted governance" 内向治道norms since early Song Dynasty.The so-called"introverted governance" norm is a kind of ruling principle that introverts to the emperor’s personal cultivation and authority,it takes social and political stability as the central goal,includes the diplomatic principle of"An Nei Yang Wai" 安内养外,the basic national policy of"Qiang Gan Ruo Zhi" 强干弱枝and the rule policy of"Qing Jing Zhi Zhi" 清静致治.On the one hand,it has strengthened the dominance of the imperial power in the Northern Song Dynasty,brought more than a hundred years of prosperous situation with peace and security,and on the other hand led to a series of social and political ills."Yuanyou Academic" is essentially to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages,on the basis of maintaining the"introverted governance" norms,it eliminates its drawbacks,not only maintains political stability,but also ensures social development;it not only strengthens the emperor centralization,but also implements the scholar-bureaucrats administration.The political and ideological path of"Yuanyou Academics" existed preceded the"Xifeng Reform" 熙丰变法,opposing"Xifeng New Law" and"Wang Anshi’s Neo-Learning" is actually a possible result of"Yuanyou Academic" ,not a fundamental purpose.Therefore,it cannot be said that the essential attribute of"Yuanyou Academic" is to criticize"Xifeng Reform" and"Wang Anshi’s Neo-Learning" .In view of the theoretical depth of political thought and the richness of existing ideological materials,the more reasonable choice is taking those as the main representative of Yuanyou Academic Group,who are Sima Guang司马光,Fan Zuyu范祖禹,Liu Anshi刘安世of Sima Guang School,and Su Shi苏轼,Qin Guan秦观,Zhang Lei张耒of Su Shi Literati Group,and Cheng Yi程颐of Luo Xue School.Through their core political concepts to analyze their political thoughts and then understand the basic features and essential attributes o f Yuanyou Academic."Zhong He" 中和is the core political concept in Sima Guang’s thought,its essence is to practice through"Zhong He" .The key points of the"Zhong He" thought is catch Zhong中and control Xin心,and focus on the external method of"Zhi Zhong" 制中.In politics,it is required to establish a political structure of"emperor and scholarofficials ruling the world together" 皇帝与士大夫共治天下in accordance with the traditional Confucianism,so as to return the increasingly strengthened imperial power to a state of balance between no mistakes and no mistakes.Sima guang’s political practice theory of"Zhong He" was put into political practice in the period of Yuanyou,however,because of its inherent difficulties,it promoted the process of strengthening imperial power domination in the Northern Song Dynast y,rather than eliminated the absoluteness of imperial power domination."Imperial Learning" 帝学is the common ideological theme of Fan Zuyu’s series of writings for Zhezong哲宗,it is a moral and knowledge system based on the the program and items of the Daxue《大学》,for the purpose of"learn to be a sage king" 学成圣王.Essentially,it is a kind of orthodoxy school and shows the distinctive exclusivity.In political practice,"Lmperial Learning" is based on"following emperor ancestors" 法祖宗,especially"following emperor Renzong" 法仁宗.However,the educational goal of"learn to be a sage king" is too high,which inevitably brought great psychological pressure to the young emperor Zhezong and affected his political favor to the minister of Yuanyou.Liu Anshi’s political thoughts are concentrated in his political spirit of"public discussion" 公议.He unfolds his political spirit of"public discussion" is based on the flexible spirit Yi Dao易道and the body political metaphor and according to the political logic of selecting the gentleman and recall the base person.This spirit is mainly manifested in that he based on the remonstrance system of official censor,actively maintains the expression and practice of official censor’s political opinions,so as to eliminate the clique struggle and stick to the political line of Yuanyou.However,both public discussion and political line are arbitrary.Although it is beneficial to eliminate the absoluteness of imperial power that makes the political spirit of public discussion widely known,he also alienate public discussion into private discussion and peremptory discussion of few official censor,breaking the mechanism of power balance and overthrowing the political situation of Yuanyou."Ren Qing" 人情is the background of the political thoughts of Su Shi and Su Zhe.This"Ren Qing" is a"sentiment-rational structure" 情—理结构.In politics,this requires the emperor to"communicating the feelings of all people" 通上下之情,that is from tie the minister’s heart to tie all people’s hearts.Tieing the minister’s heart is adhering to the"harmony and different" 和而不同political spirit,rational selfless,respect scholar-bureaucrats’public opinion.To win the hearts of all people is to adhere to the political spirit of"taking the hearts of all people as one’s own heart" 以百姓之心为心,respect all people’s basic emotional needs,legislate according to the the situation,regardless of the old and new,all to enrich the people,benefit the people,convenient for the p eople.The process of"communicating the feelings of all people" is also the process of using,processing and shaping the political emotions.While giving the scholar-bureaucrats certain administrative autonomy and giving all people a sense of freedom,security,satisfaction and happiness,it also shapes their sense of trust in the imperial power.Qin Guan and Zhang Lei deepened the"Ren Qing" political theory of Su Shi and developed the political reconciliation theory.Qin Guan and Zhang Lei’s political reconciliation theory is based on the"Dao of Daquan" 大全之道in their minds.The"Dao of Daquan" can not be described,their ways to catch it are different,Qin Guan from cultivating Qi气,Zhang Lei from the exploring Xing性.Although there are some differences,they are all aimed at balancing the internal and external,opening up the tolerant realm,and making the Yuanyou politics to a harmonious road that combines the old with the new,pluralistic and inclusive.The political ideal of Wang Dao王道is the core content of Cheng Yi’s political thought.The Wang Dao Pol itics in his mind is a second best political model.It is based on the"Dao Xue" that he and Cheng Hao程颢jointly advocate,and contains the three dimensions of heaven,publicity,and people.It is attributed to the phrase"Governance by the prime minister,Cultivate the emperor’s morality by Jingyan" 天下治乱系宰相,君德成就责经筵,fundamentally aimed at rebuilding the political outline,balancing the emperor’s centra lization and the use of the scholar-bureaucrats,political stability and social development.In general,the political thoughts of the Yuanyou Academic Group contain a common ideological theme under different ways of thinking paths,that is balancing the centralized power of the emperor with the power of the scholar-officials,political stability and social development.This shows that"Yuanyou Academic" is actually a thoughtform of"multiple integration" 多元一体."Diversity" itself is a kind of balance,and balance can constitute a stable whole.This aspect and attribute of"Yuanyou Academic" still has important implications for us.It’s an eternal beautiful vision of mankind that we can balance the power and interests of all sides,obtain emotional unobstructed,take into account the continuous development of society on the basis of political stability,enter the realm of harmony.This beautiful vision still requires us to keep our attention to the way of balance and explore the art of balance.