The Formation Of Xia Nai’s Archaeological Thought System That Seen In Xia Nai’s Diary

This article takes“Xia Nai’s Diary" as the center,through the combing of Xia Nai’s’s growth trajectory and academic history before 1966,and summarize s the establishment process where Xia Nai adopted Marxist theory as the guidi ng ideology.On this basis,the article extracts the various components,its form ation process and the theoretical origin of Xia Nai archaeological ideology syst em.It is concluded that Xia Nai,guided by Marxism,combines Western archae ological theory with the actual work of archaeological in China;actively introd uces the latest scientific and technological means,and cross-interacts with relev ant multidisciplinary;implements a rigorous and scientific field archaeological e xcavation paradigm,And through the careful study of archaeological materials f rom various angles,efforts to restore the ancient social situation and social dev elopment,and then achieve the purpose of clarifying the laws of history and h uman development,and finally establish Marxist Chinese archaeology based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism.The archaeological thinking of the system.The introduction first summarizes the reasons for the topic.Xia Nai enjoy s a lofty position in the field of archaeology in China and even the world,but the rese arch on his academic thought has not received enough attention.Since the 1950s,the"New Archaeology" represented by the theory of process archaeology and the post-process archaeology theory have been popularized and widely used in Eur opean and American archaeological studies,while the cultural-historical archaeol ogy introduced by Xia Nai from the West still occupies the mainstream position i n Chinese archaeology research.In addition,China’s field archaeological excavati on methods and techniques also follow the field excavation process and norms formulated by Xia Nai;Xia Nai’s archaeological thoughts on the archaeologica 1 exchanges between China and foreign countries and the archaeological studies alon g the silk road have certain reference significance for the construction of socialist cult ure with Chinese characteristics in the current new era,especially in the "One Belt A nd One Road" and the construction of a community of human destiny.Secondly,it briefly describes the reasons for taking 1966 as the time node.Through the p rofessional study of archaeology,combining the practice accumulation with the actual situation of Chinese archaeology and the gradual establishment of Marxis t beliefs,Xia Wei’s Marxist archaeological thought has been initially formed in 1966.And since the "17 years" after the founding of the People’s Republic was a special period of the development of Marxist historiography,and archaeo logy belongs to the historical discipline,the development of historiography in t he past seventeen years has a great influence on the development of archaeolo gy.In the end,this article reviews the academic history and divides it into two parts:t he study on the academic life of Xia Nai and the Egyptology related to Xia Nai’s acad emic thought,as well as the study on the transportation history of China and the west.The first chapter discusses building process of Xia Nai’s Marxist belief,and carries out archaeological related practice under the guidance of Marxist theory.Xia Nai’s establishment of Marxist beliefs has gone through three stages,which have experienced the germination period(1920-1931),the transition period(1931-1949),the formation period(1949-1966),and finally become a scholar who directs archaeological research consciously based on Marxist theory.At the beginning of the germination period,Xia Nai was mainly influenced by the "new culture movement" and "left-leaning" literary thoughts,and initially contacted Marxist theory,especially materialism and practical theory,and gradually guided learning and work;during the transition period,Due to the unfavorable situation caused by the passive war,it led to the disappointment of the corrupt rule of the Kuomintang government and the goodwill of the Communist Party.After the founding of the New China in 1949,with the political movement and the education of Marxist ideology,Xia Nai experienced three thoughts raise.He gradually became a scholar engaged in archaeological excavation and research under the guidance of Marxism.During this period,Xia Nai actively participated in the study of Marxist theory,and conducted academic research,field archaeological excavation,participation in archaeology and training under the guidance of Marxist thought.Education,hosting academic conferences and expanding public awareness of archaeology.The formation of Xia Nai’s Marxist belief provided theoretical guidance for the establishment of his archaeological thoughts,and his archaeological thoughts were also tested in related practice.The second chapter discusses in detail the process of Xia Nai studying in the UK and introducing Western archaeological theories and methods into China to guide the practice of Chinese archaeology.The first section briefly introduces the formation and development of Western archaeological theory.The second section introduces Xia Nai’s study abroad by studying the specific process of Xia Nai’s study of Western archaeological theories and methods.Before returning to China,Xia Nai have mastered the conclusions of the cultural-historical archaeology theory and the most advanced field archaeological excavation methods at that time.The third section details the two major archaeological practices of Xia Nai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China.The theoretical practice is mainly reflected in the academic lectures of Archaeology Methodology.The archaeological excavation practice is the first to determine the connotation of archaeology.The archaeological excavation practice is mainly the field archaeological excavation carried out in the northwest region,which corrects Andersen’s wrong conclusion as to prehistoric cultural chronological sequence in the Gansu and Qinghai province.This is the first example of Xia Nai’s comprehensive combination of Western archaeological theory and field excavation methods with Chinese field archaeological excavations.Finally,through the archaeological excavations conducted by Xia Nai after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,it has once again proved that under the guidance of Marxist theory,the Western archaeological theory and field excavation methods represented by cultural-historical archaeology and the actual field archaeological excavation in China have been realized.The combination has enriched the connotation of Xia Nai’s Marxist Chinese archaeological system.The third chapter discusses Xia Nai’s practice of advocating new scientific and technological means and multidisciplinary research in archaeological applications.Before studying abroad,Xia Nai had a strong interest in natural sciences and technology represented by biology and machinery,and became a source of concern for the comprehensive application of science and technology and multidisciplinary applications.During his studies in the UK,Xia Nai witnessed the application of scientific and technological means in the field of archaeology.After returning to China,due to the limitations of the times,there is not enough funds and technology to carry out relevant technology application practices on a large scale.Based on the judgment of the development prospects of science and technology archaeology,Xia Nai gave priority to the establishment of the Carbon Fourteen Laboratory,which laid the technical conditions for the formulation of the Chinese prehistoric cultural age frame.Xia Nai’s promotion of the comprehensive application of other disciplines and archaeology stems from the long-standing focus on multidisciplinary attention and data,and is also attributed to his practical needs in Egyptian archaeological research.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,under limited conditions,Xia Nai actively presided over multidisciplinary cooperation in archaeology and narrow history,textiles,mathematics,geology,chemistry,physics and even anatomy,and obtained many aspects in the study of unearthed objects and identification of components.The fruitful results have become the most characteristic part of Xia Nai’s archaeological thought.The fourth chapter discusses Xia Nai’s initial attempt to promote the construction of the Marxist Chinese archaeological system from three aspects,the first is the determination of the concept of archaeological culture.Xia Nai has explained the issue of archaeological cultural naming for two times,unified the understanding of cultural naming in Chinese archaeology,and promoted archaeological research,especially prehistoric archaeology.The healthy development of learning;followed by summarizing the six major directions of Chinese archaeological development,from human origin and residence time in China,production tools,production technology development and human economic life,ancient social structure and social relations,national origin and city Development,spiritual culture(art,religion,writing)origin and development,the formation of the Han nationality and the Chinese nation community in six aspects to gradually develop the frontier issues of Chinese archaeology;Finally,Xia Nai take himself as an example,strive to promote Chinese and foreign archaeological exchanges,to achieve archaeology Synchronized with the world’s academic trends.In the conclusion,the content of the full text is summarized,and the process and theoretical connotation of the formation of Marxist archaeological thought in Xia Nai in 1966 are sorted out.Secondly,through the return of Xia Nai’s "Cultural Revolution" the efforts to build a Marxist Chinese archaeological system are briefly introduced.It includes the definition of the concept of archaeological system,and proposes new topics of the origin of Chinese civilization,in order to explain the historical links between Xia Nai’s archaeological thoughts.Under the guidance of Marxism,Xia Nai upholds all the dialectical materialism that stands from reality,respects the principle of objective facts,respects historical materialism of history and human development,and formulates guidelines,policies,and specific plans for archaeological research,according to archaeological studies.The results further enrich the connotation of the Marxist Chinese archaeological system.