| Ramesside Period refers to the 19th Dynasty and 20th Dynasty in New Kingdom from 1295 BC to 1069 BC.The reason why this period was called Ramesside Period was that most of kings during this period named Ramesses.Ramesside period was the stage of twist when the strategy of Egyptian Empire changed from Expansion to shrink.In the early time of this period,the conception of Egyptian strategy concerning dependent states in west Asia,which based on the domination of dependent state in Canaan and the northward expansion,in order to control the Syria.In the reign of Sety I and Ramesses II,Egypt waged several wars aimed at suppressing rebellion from states in Canaan,and trying to control Syrian cities.In the light of Hittite empire which kept a tight grip on the southern dependent states,and improved relations with Egypt after the battle of Kadesh,Egypt turned its concerns priority to Canaan.During the period of Ramesses III,affected by the Sea Peoples,the control power of Egypt drew back to the southern area of Canaan.After that,Egypt has relinquished almost all of the control power in western Asian district.At the same time,the implementation of the Nubian strategy was basically stable,and the achievement of central authorities'policies towards Nubia depended not only on the Nubian viceroy,who served as the chief excutive there,but also on the Nubian territorial management system.By the end of the Ramesside Period,the control of central authorities over the Nubian region had been on the wane,on the contrary,the Nubian viceroy's power was strengthened.Under the threat of the Libyan tribes and migration of the sea people,a series of fortress were constructed along the Mediterranean coastal line,which extends nearly 321km during the reign of Ramesses II.Under the authority of Merenptah and Ramesses III,military forces were organized at least four times to prevent the migration tide of Libyans tribes and the sea peoples.In year 8 during Ramesses III navals were organized and battled with the sea peoples at the river mouth of Delta.Based on the tactics utilized the location of the warfare,it is divided into three different kinds warfare,open battlefield warfare,siege warfare and naval warfare.Siege warfare was generally used in the campaign to western Asia.Before direct assault began,an open battlefield may happen.A naval battle happend between Egyptians and Sea Peoples during the reign of Ramesses III.The open battlefield warfare and siege warfare were both used in expelling libyan residents near the western border.During Ramesside period not only egyptian natives joined the expedition,but foreigners from various regions served in the troops of Egypt.The soldiers were classified into three systerm,foot-soldiers,chariotry and navy.Foot-soldiers are composed of heavy foot-soldiers who are responsible to hand to hand combating and archers who are good at long-distance shooting,There are two persons in the chariot of ancient Egypt,charioteers as chariot-driver and shield-bearer,and chariot-warrior as archer.As to the rowing in the navy,one theory is that it is taken by the specialized rower servered on the warship,another possibility is that rowing is practised by the soldiers in the navy.Meanwhile the military organization developped into a systerm topped by marschaller and three organized parts.Overall it is effective to prevent the migration of the sea peoples from the Nile land,releasing the pressure on the western border caused by Libyan tribes,gaining the colony in western Asia and Nubia by military expedition during Ramesside time.Moreover it prompts the technological transreference,the communications of cultures,the transpotation of the sources and labors.On the other hand,for individuals it offers opportunities to get rewards,rising up into upper burocratic systerm by the outstanding activity in the military campaign,as well as for pharoahs,it is a practice of the kingship during the military expedition outwards to protect the Nile land from the foreigners and expand its border. |
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