Research On Wu Bei Zhi

From the late 16^th century to the early 17^th century,Ming Dynasty was facing an unprecedented crisis,to the 46^th year of Wanli era?1618?,the war between the Ming court and the Later Jin regime in Liaodong began,and in the 47^th year of Wanli?1619?,the Saerhu Battle ended with the defeat of Ming Dynasty,marking the end of the Ming Dynasty,and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.Under this background,Mao Yuanyi wrote the book“Wu bei Zhi”in the 47^th of Wanli era?1619?,and then carved the book in the 1^st of Tianqi era?1621?,attempting to save the Ming Dynasty from the crisis."Wubei Zhi",consisting of 240 volumes,184orders,and more than 2millions words in total,can be divided into five parts:soldiers summary assessment,test strategy,training system array,army-owned multiply,and accounting degree carrier.It is considered one of the most important military works in the late Ming Dynasty.This paper will take"Wubei Zhi"as its research subject,and conduct the research following the sequence of“Book Research-Content Research-Foreign influence of“Wubei Zhi””.Chapters 1 and 2 give a brief introduction to"Wubei Zhi",from the author,the circulation age,to the edition of the book.For the study of its author Mao Yuanyi,making both focused on the relationship of Mao Yuanyi and the production of Mao Yuanyi chronology,which is different from the results of previous studies;For the study of its circulation age,focused on Tuntian destroyed in late Ming Dynasty,and the times background of“Wubei Zhi”;The construction research of"Wubei Zhi"content,starting from the five parts of the analysis of"Wubei Zhi",the proportion of each part in"Zhi"in military,which highlights the"center of gravity"Wubei Zhi”compilation,but also provide support for the third and fourth chapters;Study on status of the“Wubei Zhi”versions,compares the similarities and differences between the 6 major“Wubei Zhi”version;Study on the collection of books of“Wubei Zhi”is another research focus of this article,the second chapter will be compiled a list of the collection books of“Wubei Zhi"according to the time sequence,and take analysis of this list of time division,and investigate the proportion of books in each time.Through this analysis we can know the books of the Ming Dynasty were most cited.Finally,from the perspective of"frequency",the person and his books which was the most cited,according to the survey shows that Qi Jiguang and his works is the most cited.In the chapter 3 and chapter 4,where I would study the most important two parts of"Wubei Zhi",the two parts are the firearms and the populations&the national service recorded in the“Wubei Zhi”.The chapter 3 makes a study of the firearms of"Wubei Zhi",first,investigate the categories of these firearms;then based on the investigation of regular firearms of army in the late Wanli years,the collection of Wubei Zhi firearms to analyze the"Chi"contained 191 military firearms,only more than 20 kinds of standing in the Ming Wanli Dynasty firearms,the rest are more practical and useless,Buddha diabolic tricks and wicked craft,Folangki cannon is one of the most important military firearms in late Ming dynasty;Since the early ZhengDe years,to the beginning of chongzhen years?1628?,Folangki cannon was the most widely used western firearms of this historical period.It had occupied a very important position in the military technology of late Ming dynasty.Folangki cannon of the Ming dynasty has three core technical features:the core structure characteristic----son-and-mother structure,the key constraint----the length of the mother cannon were no more than six chi,the core technology parameter-----the ratio of length and diameter of the son cannon at around 10 or less.And these three core technical features had been changed with more advanced firearms appeared.Around 1568,light Folangki cannon was replaced by musket.Since then,Folangki cannons of Ming dynasty gradually concentrated heavy Folangki cannon.And after the battle of Saerhu,European artillery had been made to fill the gap in large firearms?more than six chi long spear?.Until the first year of Chongzhen,the European artillery of the similar size with heavy Folangki cannon had been manufactured,Folangki cannon had gradually quited the stage of history.Based on of the amount of tax farming in the Ming Dynasty recorded in Wubei Zhi,Chapter 4 first investigates the changes in the amount of wastelands in the Ming Dynasty.Then,by using the method of quantitative analysis,and by investigating which one?i.e."family","population"and"farming"?serves as the basic unit of tax issues in Ming Dynasty levy,Chapter 4 explores the relationship between the amount of accounts and the taxes of the Ming Dynasty,and finds out that the"family"is the basic unit of the levy,based on which,the regional imbalance of taxes is investigated.Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the overseas influence of Wubei Zhi,centering on the theme of its eastern-spread to Japan.Chapter 5 first discusses the trend of introducing books on military science to Japan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.And it is during this period that Wubei Zhi was introduced to Japan.Then,based on the introduction"Wubei Zhi"to Japan,and through the investigation into a new historical material in the"West Lake two",the time when?i.e.around 1628-1631?and the way by which?i.e.by the way of smuggling trade:from Zhejiang coast,Ryukyu,Satsuma to japan?Wubei Zhi was introduced to Japan are established.Finally,by investigating how many copies of"Wubei Zhi"having been printed in Japan,the present study further explores the influence of"Wubei Zhi"on Japan during the Edo period.By comparing the Chinese"Wubei Zhi"and Japanese"Hai Guo Bing Tan",Chapter 6 mainly discusses the differences between the two and points out that the ideological difference between China and Japan is the deep reason why they attached different levels of importance to the coastal defence and border defence,why they held different attitudes toward Western firearms and sea invaders,and why they adopted different policies to make a prosperous country with a powerful army.Chapter 7 summarizes the first 6 chapters of the present study,followed by some suggestions and recommendations for future research.