Research On Quantifiers In Contract Documents Since Song And Yuan Dynasties

With the increasing attention of the folk history documents,a large number of contractual documents are continuously collected,arranged and published.As a new type of research material in the field of linguistic research in recent years,the contract documents have attracted more and more attention from acadermia.Many of the research results are launched based on this material,including words,phonetics,vocabul,grammar,etc.As a evidence for transactions,pawns,leases,and other transactions of the ancient people,a rich object of transaction and accurate measuring requirement to property,making the contract document involves many quantifiers.However,there are few research achievements on this field.In view of such situation,this paper takes the quantifier in the previous contract documents as research subject.Using static depiction,synchronic comparison and qualitative as research methods,this paper has a systematic review of the quantifiers in the present published contractual documents,through system collection,explain one by one and the key analysis.Among them,there are common words commonly used in the literature of the world,as well as the dialect words and spoken words which are only seen in the contract documents.The paper are divided into two parts,altogether nine chapters,involving 400 quantifiers.The first part is general,including chapters 1 to 4.In the chapter 1,the study of three aspects of contract document,quantifier and contract instrument quantifier is made.Through the summary of the research results of contract documents and quantifiers,the value of the research on the quantifier of the contract documents is highlighted.There are four specific aspects.Firstly,it is beneficial to further study of oral quantifiers;Secondly,it is beneficial to the diachronic study of dialect quantifiers;Thirdly,it is beneficial to the in-depth study of Chinese quantifier history;Fourthly,it is beneficial to supplement the literature materials.Chapter 2 summarizes the grammatical features and usage characteristics of quantifiers,where the grammatical features of the quantifier are mainly embodied in two aspects of lexical and syntactic aspects.The lexical aspect is mainly embodied in the word formation,in other words,a number of new words have been created by the use of "quantity + quantity","quantity+ noun"?"quantity+zi" and so on.The quantifier syntax is embodied in the "noun + number + quantity" as the dominant structure,and some extended formats are generated on the basis of it.In the two-way selection of nouns and Quantifiers,the phenomenon of a noun and multiple quantifiers,a quantifier and a number of nouns are produced.The causes of a noun and multiple quantifiers of production are historical inheritance,choice of dialect,typical characteristics,high frequency borrowing,explicit semantics,heteromorphic general-purpose,the word homonym and so on.The causes of a quantifier and a number of nouns of production are prototypic category,economic principles and so on.This part also fully reflects the combination capacity of the quantitative structure.The characteristics of the use of quantifiers are mainly embodied in seven aspects,such as the times,regional,spoken,trade,folk characters,ambiguity and temporary.Chapter 3 is the basic investigation of some quantifiers in the contract documents from the perspective of cognitive linguistics,which is analyzed from three aspect:dimension ratio,grammaticalization and individualization.There are 24 quantifiers involved.Through the use case analysis of this chapter,we hope to verify and complement the relevant theories of cognitive linguistics.Chapter 4 is the proofreading of many errors in the contract documents,including the errors in the originals of the contract documents,the errors in the copied parts,and the errors in the contract research articles.Based on the decision or revision of the error quantifiers,this paper summarizes the three methods of correcting errors,namely,literature verification,contract comparison and common sense deduction.chapter 5 to chapter 9 is another part of this article,which explains the quantifiers of different categories or types.Chapter 5 comprehensively combs the quantifiers of institutional units.There are 136 system classifiers in the contract documents,including 26 units of length,13 units of area,38 units of capacity,28 units of weight,26 monetary unit,5 quanti:fiers of ratio.chapter 6 and the chapter 7 are a comprehensive combing of the quantifier of the natural unit in the contract documents,where a total of 198 quantifiers are involved.According to the difference of the collocation objects,all the natural unit quantifiers are divided into 15 small classes,including 11 farmland category,23 house category,13 tombs category,20 mountain and garden category,41 comprehensive category,5 population class,4 food and wine class,12 lives tock class,8 wall and door class,13 utensils class,15 trees class,13 agreement class,5 conference class,6 time class,9 other class.Chapter 8 is about the contract documents in the study of dialect measurewords,where these relative words are phonetically similar and meaning similar,or similar graphemic and meaning similar,or mix similar pronunciation.?graphemic and meaning.There are ten groups of quantifiers involved in 25 groups.In addition to this part,the other dialect quantifiers mentioned in the article are generally described in specific terms.Chapter 9 is the collection of the quantifier to be textual criticism,and 34 words are involved.The special chapter is intended for further research.The contract documents,which are rooted in the folk literature,are like a rich treasure.Among them,linguistic resources are abnormally rich.The quantifier are more plentiful and distinctive features on regional and colloquial.The search,explanation and analysis of the quantifier of the contract documents,not only fills in the insufficiency of this kind of folk literature quantifier research,but also make many quantifiers clear which different times,different regions once active in the folk oral,now is buried in the history books.At the same time,it also reveals the role of cognition in the process of noun conversion as quantifier.And quantifiers are used to validate and complement cognitive linguistics theories.