The Realistic Transcendence Of Marxist Philosophy Over Western Metaphysics

British Philosopher Popper pointed out:“The rightful object of human research is human beings”.And man is the existence of dialectical unity with the world,transcendence,ideality and creativity,and the existence of striving to turn reality into ideal reality.Transcending reality and pursuing ideal are human’s "metaphysical" nature,while representing human’s "metaphysical" nature in theoretical form constitutes "metaphysics" of philosophy.Philosophical metaphysics is the self-consciousness that represents the "metaphysical" nature of human beings in a theoretical way.Examining the internal logic of the evolution and development of Western metaphysics can find the appropriate way and path for tracing the origin of human metaphysical nature.In view of the original problem of Western metaphysics,that is,the "primitive" problem of seeking the basis and reason for the existence and change of all things in the world,ancient Greek philosophy has gone through the exploration from the "perceptual experience" of "primitive" and "primitive" in the early natural philosophy to the formation of Plato’s "theory of ideas" from concrete material to abstract existence,from perceptual experience to rational transcendence.Cheng leads to the metaphysical problem of pursuing transcendental,absolute and supreme ideological ontology.Parmenides proposed that "thought and existence are the same" metaphysical argument,which laid the main tone for the traditional metaphysics of ancient Greece.Plato established the objective scale of "idea" transcendental ontology,which shows that the core problem of ancient Greek philosophy is the pure "idea" ontology separated from perceptual experience,which is a non-material entity.On the basis of critically synthesizing the excellent achievements of previous philosophical studies,Aristotle put forward the theory of "formal material" in which form preceded.He regarded individual things composed of form and material as the most real entity,thus completing the construction of the objectivity of ancient Greek metaphysics.The core problem facing the epistemological turn of modern western philosophy is the opposition between thinking and existence.Modern philosophy devotes itself to overcoming this opposition through the initiative of "thinking".Around the solution of the opposition between thinking and existence,there are two paths: rationalism andempiricism.Descartes established the main position of the inner noumenon of "self-thinking" and pointed out the direction for the development of modern philosophy.Hume,an empiricist,denies that human beings have the ability to break through the limitations of senses to know things beyond experience,thus posing the greatest challenge to the legitimacy of human rationality governing the object.In order to solve Hume’s problem,Kant critically inspected the human rational cognitive ability,that is,the innate cognitive form in the transcendental subject.Kant holds that the subject can only use the pure concept of intellectuality to understand phenomena,but can not grasp the "thing itself",thus completing the unity of thinking and being in the transcendental subject.Hegel saw the limitation of dual opposition between phenomena caused by Kant’s philosophy of subjectivity and thing-in-itself.He devoted himself to developing Kant’s pure concept of intellectuality into a speculative concept,and finally achieved the unity of the concept of thinking and existence by externalizing absolute spirit,sublating alienation and returning to his own self-movement.However,this spiritual unity does not go beyond the field of ontology of understanding the world.Hegel’s system of speculative philosophy only explains the world,can not touch the real world of human life,and can not change people’s real suffering.It was Feuerbach’s humanistic materialism philosophy that first criticized Hegel’s speculative philosophy,which provided a weapon and premise for Marx’s philosophy to criticize western metaphysics represented by Hegel’s philosophy.Marx established a scientific concept of practice through the critical transcendence of Western metaphysics and old materialism,and on this basis established a new philosophy of historical materialism.The reason why the concept of practice can be a powerful weapon for Marxist philosophy to subvert and surpass Western metaphysics critically and become the internal basis for Marx to construct his theoretical system of new materialist philosophy is that its essential connotation and essential characteristics are the perceptual and objective activities of real people.According to Marx’s understanding,realistic people not only effectively transform the objective world according to their own internal and external scales in the practice of objectivity,thus creating an object world suitable for human survival and development needs,but also transform their own subjective world in the two-way practice of objectification,thus realizing their own development.Itcan be seen that the objectification of practice can not only penetrate and transform the external objective world,but also transform and develop people themselves realistically,so as to make the world scientifically clear and transcend reality,and to truly solve and realize the historical unity of "seeking truth,seeking good and seeking beauty",which the traditional western philosophy has been trying hard to explore but has never been able to achieve the fundamental problem.Therefore,to study the realistic transcendence of Marxist philosophy over Western Metaphysics from the perspective of practical objectification can not only understand the logical course of the evolution and development of Western philosophy,but also deeply understand and grasp the spiritual essence and profound connotation of Marxist philosophy,and provide a new theoretical perspective for the contemporary interpretation and interpretation of Marxist philosophy,so as to dig deeper theoretical significance and contemporary value of Marxist philosophy,in order to guide contemporary people’s real life and enhance their metaphysical spiritual realm.