| The original intention of "enlightenment" is that human beings can realize their own liberation in the human world by virtue of their own rationality,thus rejecting the road of heaven liberation provided by God for mankind.After the Enlightenment,Enlightenment rationality developed fully in German classical philosophy.The philosophers also based on "rationality" and tried to find the way to complete enlightenment rationality in the field of reason.Based on "practice",Marx placed the liberation of human reality in the field of human material production,and finally found the road to the reality of human freedom and liberation,which means that enlightenment rationality contains "the road to seek for the real liberation for mankind" The real finish.This is the core and main theme of this paper.The establishment of "enlightenment rationality" has its profound theoretical origins.The Ancient Greek philosophy is full of the logos and Nuss spirits of love and wisdom.It is this spirit that makes Western philosophy have the characteristics of thinking in pursuing knowledge and exploring truth.During the medieval Christian period,rationality was used as a tool of theology,and human beings who lost their subjectivity could only find a hint of spiritual comfort in the heavens on the other side.After more than 1,000 years of Christian rule,the "dark age".With the discovery of humanity in the Renaissance and the promotion of human subjectivity in modern science,the Enlightenment quickly spread throughout Europe.After the enlightenment of the enlightenment in the 17 th and 18 th centuries,the "enlightenment rationality" was established,and it was also endowed with a profound connotation: it allowed rationality to return to the human being again,and human beings could complete the self-liberation by their own rationality.road.From German classical philosophy to Marx,we can find that there are two paths to the realization of enlightenment rationality: the “metaphysical” completion of enlightenment rationality in the rational field and the realistic completion of enlightenment rationality in practice.In German classical philosophy,enlightenment rationality is realized in the field of reason.Kant first advocates that people should be brave in applying their own rationality and get rid of the immature state they incur.Moreover,its transcendental philosophy makes people realize the limitation of human reason.Human reason can only recognize the phenomenal world,not the self-contained body.Therefore,people in the phenomenal world only have formal freedom,and the real freedom can only be obtained.In the field of moral practice,this is the path to the realization of the free liberation of people found by Kant.Hegel’s speculative philosophy makes the enlightenment rationality reach an absolute height in the field of reason,and rationality becomes an ontological existence.The absolute spirit realizes itself by externalizing itself and returning to itself,and the whole human being is freely liberated.The road is also implied in the completion of absolute rationality.The self-liberation of human beings and the realization of absolute spirit follow the same path.Marx believes that Hegel’s absolute idea is essentially an abstract rationality.His speculative metaphysical nature will inevitably lead to its inability to deepen into the social reality,and it is impossible to find practical ways for the free liberation of human beings.path.Marx deeply felt the incompleteness of the German classical philosophy in the rational field to complete the rational enlightenment,and based on practice,the rational enlightenment mode was changed from rationality to practice.Marx’s practical turn to enlightenment rationality makes rationality return from the unmanned rationality of German classical philosophy to the human being,let the subject’s practical ability to replace the thinking of German classical philosophy,and let people in the spiritual field various forms of "the kingdom of heaven""Emancipation turns to the "worldly" liberation in the practice of transforming the world,so that the enlightenment rationality enters people’s practice field through practice.The communist complex is the practice completion of the enlightenment rationality that Marx provides us.In the face of the modernization process initiated by the Enlightenment,with the emergence of the crisis of modernity,after Marx,the Frankfurt School and the post-modern philosopher Foucault began to criticize modernity from different social perspectives.Further development and deepening of the enlightenment rationality laid the foundation for the further development and improvement of enlightenment rationality.The development of enlightenment rationality has reached a new jointtoday.Enlightenment rationality brings a series of problems while bringing progress.This requires us to further rethink enlightenment rationality.We are in an era of enlightenment.Rationality today have been enlightened,but it’s not completed.Enlightenment is an open field.As long as there is still a problem in rationality,as long as human freedom and liberation have not been fully realized,enlightenment still needs to be present. |
