Marx’s Criticism And Transcendence Of Enlightenment Rationality

The process of the development and transformation of Marxist philosophical thought is deeply influenced by the Western modern enlightenment rational tradition,and the problem consciousness of Marxist philosophy originates from the era of enlightenment.The enlightenment reason was fully developed in the period of German ancient philosophy through the enlightenment movement.The establishment and manifestation of subjectivity highlights and deepens the rationality of enlightenment,following the principle of rational freedom.Enlightenment rationality can provide an ideal social order,and everything needs to be determined through rational judgment.The tradition of modern western enlightenment reason was believed and implemented by young Marx.He affirmed the philosophy of self-consciousness and reflected the position of enlightenment rationalism in thought until Marx encountered "material interest problems" and began to question the enlightenment reason,taking this as a turning point and gradually breaking away from the shackles of enlightenment thought.The enlightenment reason was completed "metaphysically" in German ancient philosophy,but the abstract reason could not penetrate into people’s real life,so Marx launched his criticism of the enlightenment reason.Marx’s critique of Hegel’s rational state view is actually a critical reflection and clarification of Enlightenment rationality.Marx criticized modern political liberation and its limits,and proposed a new principled stance that comprehensively transcends capitalism to achieve human liberation.Marx’s criticism of national economics aims to expose the essence of modern society,criticize the bourgeois nature of Enlightenment,and reveal the historical inevitability of capitalist society inevitably heading towards extinction and being replaced by communism in the logic of Marxist political economy.Marx’s criticism of philosophy itself reveals that in speculative metaphysics,problems in real society cannot be solved,and only by standing on practice can we find a realistic path to human liberation.So far,Marx has separated from the bourgeois ideology of enlightenment rationalism.The establishment of historical materialism is the inevitable theoretical achievement of Marx in the criticism and transcendence of enlightenment rationality.Historical materialism is a new philosophical form,which scientifically explains the core,contradiction,power and final destination of human social development,and truly transcends the western modern enlightenment rational tradition.Only when we understand Marx’s theoretical contribution in the development of Marxist philosophy can we truly grasp the revolutionary philosophical change of historical materialism itself.