A Study Of Zen Poems By Literati In Tang Dynasty

The Tang dynasty,as the representative of the Tang dynasty literature,not only rich in content,has diverse theme,but also manifests the high aesthetic value.Bom in the Sui and Tang dynasties,Zen is the most forms of Buddhism with Chinese characteristics which produced in the fusion of Indian Buddhism and Chinese traditional Confucianism and Taoist culture.That Zen combine poetry,eventually blossom a beautiful flower in the Chinese Poetry--Zen Poetry.At present,academic research on Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry focuses on aspects of the case,especially featured in discussion and analysis of the relations between Tang dynasty literati and Zen Buddhism,as well as their poetic view,while the overall study on Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry from the macro is slightly less than.This paper intends to the relative centralized system comprehensive investigation on this issue,in order to help to the Tang dynasty poetry and Chinese literature research.Full text except introduction and conclusion,is divided into seven chapters,and chapters content are briefly summarized as follows:The first chapter starting with two aspects on the development of Zen Buddhism in the Tang dynasty and the concept of literati Zen poetry,the basic situation of the Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry are briefly discussed.On the basis of combing the origin of Zen,Zen Buddhism in Tang dynasty development and flourishing reasons,this paper takes Dao Xin and Hong Renzuo who preached at Huangmei County in the early stage of Tang as the founder of the Chinese Zen,so Zen talked in this article is more inclined to Southern Zen represented by Hui Neng,but it does not rule out North Zen represented by Shen Xiu.For the literati,this paper argues that the literati is a kind of social roles,and social roles have stipulation and openness,so it focuses more on the openness of the literati.At the same time,there is a need to explain,the openness of the literati who is limited to ordinary literati,not including the monk?the taoist and other religious figures.In a word,the Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry,which has both religious(Zen)and literature(poetry)double attributes,is a kind of poetry that the Tang dynasty literati integrates satori thinking in literary creation,and on the basis of deep comprehension of reality,saturates with rich,strong zen meaning,has some Buddhist allegory,Zen fun and Zen meaning,as well as saturates with mellow Zen rhyme and Zen flavor.The second chapter on the Literati Zen Poetry concept understanding,on the basis of classifying Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry.This paper holds that the content of the Tang dynasty literati Zen poetry can be roughly divided into Zen mechanism poetry,Zen word poetry and Zen meaning poetry from three aspects.Zen mechanism poetry,refers to poems that the Tang dynasty literati borrows Zen Buddhism principles,concepts,express themselves on their experience and comprehension.Its prominent feature is mechanism.Zen word poetry,refers to a class poems that the Tang dynasty literati use Zen Buddhism concepts,terminology,allusions in direct,and there is a little overlap with Zen mechanism poetry,but mechanism is not the main purpose.Zen meaning poetry refers to poems that the Tang dynasty literati internalizes the ideas of Zen in the creation of their daily life,goes into a kind of mental state that gets rid of the profane,eliminates the contemplation,be natural,comfortable and has a quiet life without worldly desires,understands the purity of life and the universe in indifferent and inaction,to give out clear interest heart.Different from the Zen mechanism poetry and Zen word poetry,Zen meaning poetry is justified without a trace,meaningful without Zen words.The third chapter mainly analysis the typical image of the Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry.The author selected three representative images in Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry,which are apes,lotus and zither,thinks that once they enter the literary works,they removed the original gown,become the image of the representative in nature and secular society,under the irrigation from Zen Buddhism rain,they start step into the embrace of the Zen Buddhism from the traditional Confucian discourse system,and be given Zen Buddhism color,to participate in aesthetic creation,bring new implication for Zen poetry,enrich the performance of the Tang dynasty poetry,add to its artistic charm.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the artistic conception of the Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry.Because Zen's unique thinking mechanism,aesthetic consideration and expression effect on the Tang dynasty literati's view on life,values and aesthetic,Zen's inner essence can be converted to the specific life feelings and aesthetic taste of the Tang dynasty literati.They add a layer for Zen poetry which is similar to Zen garments with poetic writing and understanding--artistic conception,finally form indifferent nature,spiritually quiet and implicit artistic conception of Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry,enrich the monasteries poem garden,give us a wealth of spirit,form in the history of Chinese literature and Zen magnificent landscape.The fifth chapter mainly explain in-depth the aesthetic trait of Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry.Specifically expand ideas on Savvy thinking,intuitive view and harmony land of Zen this three-dimensional angle.Zen's unique way of thinking and observing provide the opportunity to re-examine the nature and society for the tang dynasty literati,they review the natural landscape and secular varieties with Zen attitude,so what Zen poetry presents all through Zen rain washing,takes off the earth dust coat,form the aesthetic trait of Savvy thinking,intuitive view and harmony land of Zen.Under the action of Savvy thinking and intuitive view,eventually produce the highest realm of Zen poetry--armony land of Zen,inject rich nutrients for the unique artistic charm and aesthetic style of Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry,making it a beautiful scenery in the Tang dynasty poetry garden.The sixth chapter unscramble Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry mainly from the angle of Zen philosophy,Specifically starting with two levels on the "empty" and mind-nature theory of Zen."Empty" in Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry performs three types of Zen scene empty,Zen mechanism empty and Zen heart empty,and each has its own characteristics.Zen scene empty and Zen mechanism empty are the foundation of realization of zen heart empty,Zen heart empty is the sublimation and final destination of Zen scene empty and Zen mechanism empty.Zen "empty" in Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry reflects the different meaning,not only shows the absorption condition of the Tang dynasty literati to Zen Buddhism though,but also affects their poetry such as diversity of poetic flavor,language hazy,artistic conception empty vacant,etc.The gist of mind-nature theory of Zen are putting the heart as the foundation of all things,heart is on the core;paying attention to the subject awareness of self heart,namely the understanding of conscience;emphasizing that the spiritual experience and feeling;paying attention to live in the present,namely to grasp in daily life,making the heart in the literati Zen poetry of meditative mind(unintentionally),dust heart and ape heart(heart ape)in the three main types,and interact with the literati,namely the literati in Zen poetry shows nourishing heart process as relieve heart to wash heart to clear heart to know heart.Zen's great importance to the heart,liberates the poet's imagination,lets the poet to view the world with a full range of disposition way,so that the heart of poetry to achieve the most transparent harmless realm,provides a useful reference for literati who builds images in the heart and plays the main creative,finally plays a complementary role for development of the Tang poetry creation technique,the content and Implication.The seventh chapter mainly analysis the absorption and integration of Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry into mainly classics on Zen.Zen Buddhism books are classic multitude,this paper selects the the two most influential and popular classics on the literati in Tang dynasty "Diamond Sutra" and "Lotus Sutra".Absorption and integration of the Tang dynasty literati on "Diamond Sutra",manifested as directly to chant "King Kong" in poetry or poetry titles,writing the "Diamond Sutra" dreamy thoughts and without thought,the ultimate reflect the aesthetic realm of understanding and non-utilitarian,non-purpose aesthetic way of life in literati Zen poetry,to further strengthen the artistic appeal of the poetry of the Tang dynasty.Absorption of the Tang dynasty literati on "Lotus Sutra" is mainly reflected in lots of Fahua imagery,they use Fahua imagery to convey emotions in the Zen poetry,Fahua imagery presents new internal accumulation,namely the garment bead,hair bead symbolizes the conscience;people who lack of judgment,fire house symbolizes the conscience lost;the Mirage,three livestock carts symbols of conscience sublimation.The Tang dynasty literati permeate dignified rich heritage of fahua image in their writings,so the world poetry and transcendent Buddhist obtain the fusion of different degree,becomes a beautiful fahua landscape in Tang Dynasty Literati Zen Poetry,then fine clear beauty and accumulation of fertility in the "Lotus Sutra" image with Zen poetry musical sound add radiance to each other,producing positive effect on lining into the Tang Dynasty poetry rich imposing cultural heritage.