Thp Study Of Epitaph In The Five Dvnasties

Epitaph refers to the stone carving which is placed in the tomb and engraved with the life deeds of the deceased.It has very high research value and has been paid much attention by scholars since ancient times.But for the time being,the research on the epitaph of Wei Jin and North South Dynasties and Tang Dynasty has been quite sufficient,but the research on Epitaph of the Five Dynasties is few,and the great value of the epitaph in the Five Dynasties needs to be explored.In recent years,with the vigorous development of archaeological work,more and more of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties can be published.In addition to the Five Dynasties epitaph of The collection of the Epitaph in the Five Dynasties,the author has collected more than 100 epitaphs of the Five Dynasties with a total of100,000 words,greatly supplemented historical materials of the Five Dynasties.On the basis ofextensive search,collection and arrangement of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties,this paper combines the unearthed epitaph and history,the handed down literature,the literature works and so on,combines synchronic and diachronic analysis,transverse and longitudinal investigation,combines data statistics and comparative analysis,the concrete analysis and the macroscopic summarization,combines literature theory and historical,cultural and sociological theory and other methods,to classify the epitaph of the Five Dynasties detailedly,explore itsliterary features,literary background,significance,female image and cultural value and try to show the literature,history,society,thought and cultural panorama of the Five Dynasties period objectively and comprehensively.The text is divided into seven parts to discuss:The introduction partintroduces the topic of this paper,summarizes the research of Epitaph in the past dynasties and the Five Dynasties.At the same time,the author also points out the material value,literature value,historical value,cultural value and academic research value of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties and presents the research process and research methods as well as the difficulties and precautions in this paper.The first chapter lists in detail the description of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties from ancient to present,the author points out that the epitaph of the Five Dynasties which was not collected by The Collection of Epitaph of the Five Dynasties and published before 2011.In addition,the author supplemented the newly-seen epitaph of the Five Dynasties,finally make the total number of inscriptions in the Five dynasties reached more than 400 square.The input,punctuation and finishing of the relevant contentlays a solid foundation for the follow-up study of this paper.The second chapter points out from the name,the Five Dynasties epitaph mainly divides into different kinds of situations,which reflects the concept of advocating the ancestors,official position,established family,the social status of"male superiority to female"and the coexistence of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.From the Chi-master,the Five Dynasties epitaph can be divided into man separately,woman separately,men and women together,etc.By analyzing the roles and social status of male and female Chi-master,the author thinks that the class of Chi-master involved in the Five Dynasties epitaph is very extensive.From the authors,the Five Dynasties epitaph includes relatives' writing,friends,neighbors,subordinate,disciples 'writing,metropolitan graduate,professional writers and other good writers'writing,the emperor commanded writing and monks 'writing.The composing and writing reasons of the Epitaph writers in the Five Dynasties are very complicated.From the structure,the epitaph of the Five Dynasties includes the biographical prose without Ming and epitaph with biography at the front and Ming at the rear.The structure of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties is relatively fixed.The third chapter mainly sums up the characteristics of the epitaph in the Five Dynasties in terms of style,narrative feature,expressive skill and aesthetic style,and itsinnovations on the basis of inheriting the epitaph features of the previous generations.From the features of the stylistic features,the epitaph of the Five Dynasties period presented a remarkable phenomenon of parallel style,which pushed the parallel style to the peak again.However,at the same time,there is a situation of the coexistence of works in parallel style and biographical prose and there are a lot of good epitaphs in the Five Dynasties.From the characteristics of narration,the length of epitaph of this period increased significantly,which is conducive to the enrichment of content and has made preparations for the long length of the Song Dynasty epitaph.Narrative structure adopts flexible and varied narrative structure such as the flashback,interleave,which enhance the infection and literariness of the article.Narrative content involves the literary and artistic talent,personality and increased the introduction of articles gradually.The new characteristics of "self' generalization reflected the diversity of the epitaph writing reason at this stage,which is closer to the characteristics of a large number of records about writing reasons in the Song Dynasty epitaph.In addition,a large number of grandchildren appeared in the Five Dynasties epitaph.From the expression skill,the Five Dynasties epitaph inherited the fine tradition of the Tang Dynasty epitaph and achieved the comprehensive application of narration,discussion and lyricism.It used the historical method and discussed obviously,sketched the scene with dialogue,show personal personality by details and side description actively,in which revealed strong vitality extremely.From the aesthetic style,on the other hand,the Five Dynasties epitaph is revealing and touching,and on the other hand,it is elegant and deep due to the application of parallelism,metaphor,hyperbole and other figures of speech and the large number of allusions.At the same time,it is euphemistic and desolate due to the application of euphemism In addition,the Five Dynasties epitaph also form the aesthetic style of fantasy bizarre and empty entity coexistence for the application of exaggeration and implicit language,which greatly enhance the literariness of the epitaph.The fourth chapter analyzes the social and historical and literary background of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties.From the social and historical background,as a product of the Five Dynasties period,the Five Dynasties epitaph is closely related to the funeral ideology,the concept of filial piety,ideology,and the ruler's permission and encouragement,which reflects the unique social style and features.From the literary background,the epitaph in Tang Dynastyhas accumulated valuable experiencein terms of language,narrative structure,content and expression skill for Five Dynasties epitaph writing,which provides a good foundation and the premise for literary development of the Five Dynasties.In addition,other stylistic styles of Tang Dynasty and the previous generation also influenced the generation of the Five Dynasties epitaph.The author thinks that the ancient prose movement affected the Five Dynasties epitaph profoundly,such as the back of parallel style following the decline of the ancient prose movement bring about the obvious trend of parallel style of the Five Dynasties epitaph.The fifth chapter explores the literary significance of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties,from the vertical point of view,it has the important status of the connecting link,which inherited the Tang Dynasty literature and epitaph in the structure,content,expression skills of the excellent tradition,expanded the content of the epitaph,showed its own characteristics,achieved better achievements,completed the transition of epitaphfrom Tang to SongDynasty.At the same time,it influenced the parallel style of the early Song Dynasty epitaph,which caused the rebellion of literati in the song dynasty and the ancient prose movement in Song Dynasty,and laid a solid foundation for the epitaph creation and literature in Song Dynasty profoundly.It also influence the whole literary world in the early northern song dynasty by combining with the literary fashion of the time.From the horizontal perspective,the epitaph of the Five Dynasties reflects the beautiful,historical and storied characteristics of cotemporary literature,shows the strong demonstration effect of representative writers and has great significance to the textual research of the lives and deeds of scholars and intellectuals in the five dynasties.Finally,the author makes a reflection on the patterned writing and the writing of flattery appearing in the epitaph of the Five Dynasties.The six chapter mainly discusses women image in the epitaph of the Five Dynasties.The author discusses the writing of female epitaph in the past dynasties and its significance,this paper classifies the women in the epitaph of the Five Dynasties,and probes into the appearance standards,moral requirements,daily life,behavioral norms,marital relations,state of mind,literary and artistic talents,religious belief,spouse-choosing criteria and premature death of women in this period.This paper sums up the tradition and progress of the female view embodied in the epitaph of the Five Dynasties,and probes into the reasons for its formation,in order to show the women's living condition and social status.The seventh chapter mainly discusses the ideological and cultural value of the epitaph of the Five Dynasties.The author classifies the funeral customs in the Five Dynasties period,including buried in hometown,buried together,buried temporarily and so on,and points out the ancestral idea,the traditional filial piety idea,the custom of elaborate funeral and the religious thought influence which manifests.Finally,the author explores the coexistence of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism embodied in the faith of the Five Dynasties and the reasons,the specific manifestations and reasons of the traditional filial piety idea,and the sense of hierarchy of this period.Epilogue part summarizes the original intention and achievement,the contradiction in writing process and the deficiency of this article.