East To West:studies On Chinese Character Spreading To Europe During The Transitional Period From Ming To Qing Dynasty

From the mid and late of the 16 th century to the beginning of the 17 th century,the Jesuit began the studies of Chinese character;they initialized the language contacts between Chinese and European languages in succession.European languages were based on Latin alphabet and the Christian culture,and took Latin as their common written language,while Chinese stemmed from the Chinese character and Confucian culture,and took classic Chinese as common written language.By studying these cases,we may find the right way to let the Chinese spreading to the western world faster and efficiently.In fact,Chinese had already contacted with other alphabetic languages before the European missionaries came to China.This dissertation takes Ming and Qing dynasties as range limit,focusing on the deeds and functions of the missionaries’ learning languages in sermon and cultural exchanges,which not only include how they treat Chinese and also the means,locations and abilities of learning Chinese,thus reappears the process that the missionaries united the purpose of preaching and motives of learning languages and at the same time discuss the phenomenon of one side praise in related field.Meanwhile,the range limit is divided into four periods by the environment of sermon,letting the research on spread of Christianity in Ming and Qing dynasties were in the specific social and political environment of China,and do case studies to the period of some typical characters,events and activities in learning Chinese.The missionaries learned languages,preached religion and made the extremely important influence,then became important messengers between Chinese and the western cultural exchanges.Focusing on their deeds and activities in cultural exchanges is also the indispensable contents to keep dissertation integrity.The second part of this dissertation,I set up Chinese Key theory,which would help people to study Chinese in a fast way.This new Chinese Key theory includes Chineseradical theory,construction theory,"Liu Shu" theory and memory theory,In this way,after 2-3 years study,people can control Chinese well.