| The County of Yongxiu is located in the northern part of Jiangxi Province and its dialect belongs to changjing branch in Jiangxi dialects.Following the method of descriptive linguistics,this paper mainly studies and describes syntactic expletives in Yongxiu dialect which is represented by that in the town of Tubu.The paper consists of six parts: except for an introduction,the other five parts are on modal particles,auxiliary words,prepositions,adverbs and conjunctions respectively.Part One serves as an introduction.After introducing the geographical location and historical overview of Yongxiu,it briefly describes the phonological system of Yongxiu dialect.The status quo of studies on grammar of Jiangxi dialects is systematically analyzed in order to determine the research content and method of this paper.Besides,the basic situation of writing this paper is introduced.Part Two is on modal particles which are abundant in Yongxiu dialect.With the 14 most commonly used ones(a,ne,da,ha,he,ba,luo,li,ye,sha,o,me,ge,hua)as the object of study,their basic modal meanings and functional variants are determined in this part.While paying attention to the modal meaning of particles used at the end of a sentence,their use in the middle of a sentence is also studied.Most modal particles are grammatically analyzed and diachronically explored.Synchronic and diachronic studies show that modal particles in Yongxiu dialect can be divided into three types in terms of source: the first type,including “a,ne,o”,has the same source with mandarin;the second type,including “da,he,ha,luo,huo”,comes from the dialect itself and the third type,including “me,ba,ye”,originates from ancient Chinese.Part Three is about auxiliary words.It mainly focuses on structural particles and aspect particles,including attributive markers like "ge" and "di",adverbial markers like "ge" and “li”,state adjective markers like "li","zi","ge" and "li ge" as well as complementizers like "de".Among structural particles,"ge" has the most functions and the highest frequency of use and the use of“de” as a complementizer is exactly the same as that in mandarin.We have carried on an almost exhaustive study on the use and source of aspect particles in Yongxiu dialect,which are "dao,zhe,gua,da,lai zhe,qu zhe,lai,qu,de,guo,kan".It is found that an auxiliary word often has multiple grammatical functions while one grammatical function can be expressed through different auxiliary words.From the perspective of source,a lot of aspect particles,including “lai zhe,qu zhe,lai,qu,guo”,are grammaticalized from directional verbs.Part Four focuses on prepositions and discusses 12 commonly used ones,which are "de,gen,lai,zhao,dao,zou,he,zhuo,deng,tuo,na,da dao".The study of each preposition is combined with that on special sentence patterns,such as "gen" with comparative sentences,"na" with disposal sentences and passive sentences,"tuo" with passive sentences,"zhuo" with disposal sentences and so on.Analysis shows that many prepositions have multiple functions.Part Five is on adverbs.Yongxiu dialect has a great variety of adverbs and this part systematically describes the use of blanket adverbs,statistical adverbs,determinative adverbs,degree adverbs,temporal adverbs,affinity adverbs,modal adverbs,negative adverbs,frequency adverbs,accumulative adverbs and circumstantial adverbs.Part Six is about conjunctions,the number and type of which is relatively limited in Yongxiu dialect.This section briefly discusses the use of major coordinative and subordinative conjunctions.As a frequently used conjunction in Yongxiu dialect,"gai " has rich semantic meanings and its grammaticalization from pronoun to conjunction is also discussed. |
