| Conscience is one of the core concepts of the moral category.At present,scholars have made a lot of valuable macro research from the perspective of philosophy and ethics,but there was less study on conscience from the psychological point of view and local empirical study was scarce.Adolescence is an important period in the development of conscience,and it is of great importance for the development of adult moral character.Therefore,this research explored the conscience of adolescent from the psychological point of view on the basis of Chinese rich traditional cultural resources.This dissertation includes three main research,the details are as follows:Study 1 was based on the traditional culture of China,developed and validated a scale of conscience questionnaire for Chinese adolescent.On the basis of Mencius's theory of conscience,combined with the result of open investigation and interview and literature review,the initial questionnaire was originally developed.468 adolescents participated in the open survey,48 adolescents were interviewed,predicting subjects,formal measured by the subjects were 762,875 adolescents.The results showed that adolescent conscience was an eight-dimensional structure,including sense of right and wrong,shame,sympathy,forgiveness,filial piety,honesty and integrity,gratitude and responsibility.The scale contained 42 items,the structure validity,criterion validity,internal reliability and retest reliability are suitable for the demands of psychometrics.Conclusion:The Adolescent Conscience Questionnaire has good reliability and validity,and could be used to measure the adolescent conscience.Study 2 aimed to investigate the development status and characteristics of conscience of Chinese adolescents,and re-test the reliability of and validity of Adolescent Conscience Questionnaire through a nation-wide sample survey.By using the self-made Adolescent Conscience Questionnaire,8316 adolescents from 24 provinces in China were investigated.The results were as follows:(1)the structure validity and internal reliability are suitable for the demands of psychometrics.(2)The total average score for the development of adolescents' conscience was 3.93 points.(3)There was significant difference in the total average score and other dimension except dimension of responsibility in different periods of schooling.Generally speaking,the conscience development level of junior high school students and senior high school students is higher than that of college students.(4)Grade had significant difference on adolescents' conscience development.(5)There was significant gender difference in the total average score and each dimension of the questionnaire,female scored significantly higher than male.(6)There was no significant difference between the adolescent from rural areas and urban areas in the total average score,but the urban youth's shame score is higher than the rural youth,while the rural youth's forgiveness and gratitude level is higher than urban youth.(7)There was significant difference in the total average score and dimension score of sympathy,forgiveness,honesty and integrity,gratitude between only child and non-only child,The only child scored significantly lower than that of non-only child.(8)Remarkable difference exists in the total average score and dimension score of filial piety,honesty and integrity between student cadres and those are not,teenagers acting as student cadres showed higher score than non-student cadres.(9)The total average score and other dimension except honesty and integrity were significantly different in adolescents of different family structures,teenagers from intact family scored the highest,followed by adolescents from single parent families,and then teenagers from reorganized family,teenagers living in foster family scored the lowest.(10)There was an interaction between father and mother' degree of education on the level of conscience development of adolescents,The level of parental education at great disparity of young people's conscience development level was generally lower than those relatively close.The main conclusions were drawn as follows:(1)The Adolescent Conscience Questionnaire still has good reliability and validity by a large sample survey.(2)The overall level of the development of adolescents'conscience is good.(3)There was significant difference in the level of the development of adolescents'conscience in gender,periods of schooling,grade,only-child or not,student cadres or not,family structure and educational level of parents;There was no significant difference in the level of conscience development between urban and rural adolescents,but there was significant difference in the sense of shame,forgiveness and gratitude.Study 3 investigated the effectiveness of group intervention on conscience of college students.61 college students were randomly assigned to intervention group(30 people)and control group(31 people).Adolescent Conscience Questionnaire was measured in all subjects at three time points,before and after eighteen week intervention,and two-month after intervention.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the pre-test results between intervention group and control group.After eighteen-week intervention,the intervention group showed significantly higher score in Adolescent Conscience Questionnaire than the control group.Two month after the intervention,the tracking test showed that intervention group still had significant higher scores in Adolescent Conscience Questionnaire than the control group.Subjective evaluation of intervention group after intervention also showed that group intervention has received good results.These findings suggested that the group intervention may be effective to improve the level of conscience in university students.Furthermore,this improvement in the experimental group was maintained at the follow-up testing. |
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