A Comparative Study Of Adverbs In Chinese And Japanese

The comparative research of Chinese and Japanese can be traced back to the beginning of the last century in China.The comparative study of the Chinese linguistics and the Japanese linguistics started in 1970s.So far,in the field of the comparative study of Chinese and Japanese has achieved fruitful results.At present,the domestic research mainly aims at Japanese Teaching.The study of Chinese and Japanese from the Linguistic Typology is few.Under this background,this paper attempts to compare Chinese and Japanese from the perspective of Linguistic Typology.Both Chinese and Japanese have adverbs,which are second only to nouns and verbs on the usage frequency,and all can be exhaustive enumeration.Therefore,this paper selects adverb as the object of study,and mainly explores the similarities and differences in syntax of adverbs between Chinese and Japanese,and expects to understand more thoroughly on the features of adverbs in Chinese and Japanese,and hopes to contribute to the comparative study of Chinese and Japanese language.In this paper,the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese adverbs are summarized as follows:1,In the judgment standard of Chinese and Japanese adverbs,the judgment standard of Chinese adverbs uses the syntactic function,and references the meaning of words;the judgment standard of Japanese adverbs uses the syntactic function and morphological feature of words.The Japanese words have specific morphological changes,which provide favorable conditions for the determination of word class.2,In the number of adverbs,there are as many Chinese adverbs as "Chinese characters" of Japanese adverbs.From the total point of view,the total of Japanese adverb is twice as much as Chinese adverbs.It is because there are a lot of synonyms,onomatopoeia and mimetic words.3,In the aspect of syllable composition,the Chinese adverb is mainly based on the double syllable words,in addition,there are single syllable,three syllable and four syllable words;The number of Japanese adverbs is much higher than that of Chinese adverbs,mainly in the double syllable,three syllable and four syllable words.The pronunciation of a Chinese character represents a syllable.The Japanese uses the Kana.Generally speaking,a pseudonym represents a syllable.4,In the aspect of meaning,Chinese and Japanese adverbs have the adverbs of time,frequency,scope,degree,coordination,tone and relevance.Differences are following:(A)There are negative adverbs in Chinese,and not in Japanese.In Japanese,negative auxiliary verbs are responsible for negative expression.(B)There are indicative adverbs,interrogative adverbs,command adverbs and assumed adverbs in Japanese,and not in Chinese.In Chinese,the pronouns are used to express structions and questions;verbs are responsible for request;conjunctions are responsible for assumption.(C)There is a large number of onomatopoeia in Japanese.The number of onomatopoeia words in Chinese is much less.This is because that the Japanese kana brings great conveniences.(D)There are a lot of mimetic words in Japanese.The Japanese mimicry words belong to the adverbs or the adjectives in Chinese field.5,From the perspective of the adverbs modifier,Chinese and Japanese adverbs can be divided into two categories:modified predicate and modified sentences.Differences are following:In Japanese,there is a specific form of the adverb in the sentence;Adverbs in Chinese can be found in the front of the subject.6,From the perspective of syntactic function,the basic syntactic function of adverbs in Chinese and Japanese is to act as adverbial,and also act as predicate and attribute.Differences are following:In Chinese,some adverbs can also be placed in the back of the modifier as a complement.In addition,when Japanese adverbs are used as predicates and attributes,they often need to be attached with specific auxiliary words or auxiliary verbs.7,Comparison of the Chinese and Japanese "AA" adverb,The "AA" adverbs in Japanese can be overlapped by a variety of parts of speech,and the "AA" adverbs in Chinese are mainly overlapped by adverbs.The Japanese words have some specific morphological marker,and the forms of the words often change when they change.Therefore,in order to be more clearly,Japanese words form will change accordingly when it turns into other parts of speech.8,Contrasting the Chinese and Japanese "Adverb+Adverb" structure,the phenonmenon of Chinese adverb with adverb is very common,adverbs modify adverbs that is mianly manifested as that other adverbs are modified by negative adverbs and degree adverbs in Chinese field;the phenonmenon of Japanese adverb with adverb is rare,adverbs modify adverbs that is mianly manifested as that other adverbs are modified by degree adverbs and scope adverbs.This paper begins to discusse the adverbs of Chinese and Japanese from the nature,scope and classification of adverbs.Then this paper analysis and compares the syntactic feature of Chinese adverbs with Japanese adverbs.And this paper explores similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese adverbs from the two grammar points with the "AA,adverb and "Adverb+Adverb"structure.On the one hand,this paper tries to make a comprehensive description for the characteristics of Chinese and Japanese adverbs.On the other hand,it makes a comparison between Chinese and Japanese adverbs form some specifics.There are still a lot of places that have not been reclaimed in Chinese and Japanese adverb fields,which need to be improved gradually.