The Image Of The Other—The Image Of China In The Late Qing Dynasty (1900-1905) From The Perspective Of The New York Times

Having the New York Times as my research archive,my doctoral dissertation,divided into four sections,chooses to focuses on the newspaper's reports on four events to investigate the construction of the image of China in the history of Sino-U.S.communication.The four events are Boxer Uprising in 1900,the Exclusion Law in 1902,the St.Louise Exposition in 1904 and Anti-American Boycott in 1905.The first section of my dissertation pays attention to Boxer Uprising in 1900.Placing itself in the perspective of the New York Times,to analyze the public image of China in the States,this section looks at issues of the rational for Boxer Uprising,the representation of the Qing royal family,officials,and gentry during the Uprising.It also tackles on the debates of the"savage and civilized" about "Ament looting".Examining the Exclusion Law in 1902,the second section tries to investigate two questions surrounding the presentation of the image of China,namely,"Whether the Exclusion Law is reasonable" and "Whether the Exclusion Law will be implemented in Philippines and Hawaii." Targeting at the St.Louise Exhibition in 1904,the third section explores the contradictions within American foreign policy toward by exploring New York Times's report on China Pavilion and China exhibitions,on the U.S.government's efforts in Chinese officials and participating labors and on the image of China in the Western discourse of "World Exposition." The fourth section examines the image of China in the eyes of the U.S.government and public by looking at New York Times's report on the Anti-American boycott in 1905 China.Through a througough examination of New York Times's reports on the above mentioned four events,this dissertation tries to present the trajectory of New York Times's changing representation of the image of China in the in early twentieth century United States when it carried out "Open Door"policy in China and "Chinese Exclusion Law" to Chinese at the same time.The Qing government's launching Xinzheng Reform and fostering international relationship with Western powers together with the rising of Chinese nationalism played roles in that as well.Through the study of American's representation of the Late Qing,this dissertation provides the reader a new understanding of the transitional China during 1900-1905 and gives some historical references for the contemporary construction of the image of China.