Research On The Hubei Talents Distribution In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Located on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,Hubei means,"North of Lake,due to its location on the northern side of the Dongting Lake,and it is simply call "E".Hubei and Hunan province once belonged to the Huguang Province in history.They became separated in 1664 during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.Administrative division of Hubei finally established during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,It is also the transition of Hubei society,in the economic,political and cultural social aspects have undergone tremendous change about Hubei during this period.Talents got much attention from all sectors of society in history,but scientific research of the talents’ geographical distribution is relatively recent.Study on the historical geography of talent,is actually carry out regional distribution pattern of restoration,rules and reasons and to explore the distribution and change of the personnel in history.This paper selects three indicators about biographies of characters born in Hubei,Jinshi,works as the analysis object,in the Ming and the Qing dynasties,based on the intersection in the perspective of history,sociology,geography,and other interdisciplinary and cross domain,combined with traditional research methods of history and social science,geography etc.subject widely used quantitative analysis technique of Hubei personnel in the Ming and Qing Dynasties space-time distribution,the differences and historical change makes a systematic and detailed interpretation,and to investigate the influence of Hubei in Ming and Qing Dynasties talents’ geographical distribution of natural environment and humane geographical environment.The study shows that Hubei talents in the Ming and Qing Dynasties steadily rising trend after the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty,peaking during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.High yield period for Hubei Jinshi in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty,the early Ming Dynasty is the period of low relative personnel.By the contrast,Hubei talents in The Qing Dynasty were not developed in the Ming Dynasty,the talents were in the position of the level of output rate.Compactness,Hubei talents in the slow development of the early years of the Ming Dynasty,after the mid Ming Dynasty was continued to rise,talents development and relatively stable in the Qing Dynasty,the movement of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the brief to the bottom of the valley,followed by a rebound,but never reached the level of the peak period of the Ming Dynasty.From the point of view on spatial distribution,the geographical distribution is extremely unbalanced in the Ming and Qing Dynasties of Hubei talents,and has a strong tendency.Hubei talents constant focus on the east area of Hubei Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the number of the personnel occupy more than 70%of the province,is the most developed region of talents;Personnel in the central south Area in Hubei Province second,belong to developed region;Talents in North and southwest of Hubei Province least,for the underdeveloped areas of talents.The prefecture,Huangzhou Palace personnel were in the province’s absolute peak during the two dynasties,Wuchang Palace as the political center followed.From Ming to Qing Dynasty,Hubei personnel domain distribution concentration is the most significant change is,talents in Jingzhou Palace of the Ming Dynasty in Central South area of Hubei Province followed Huangzhou,Wuchang Palaces at the forefront of the province,be caused by Qing Dynasty in the east of Hubei Hanyang Palace personnel number rising rapidly to the Province’s third place,Jingzhou Prefecture falls into the talents underdeveloped region,so as to consolidate the status of the east area talents of Hubei Province.Geopolitics,economic development,historical heritage,cultural heritage and folk customs of many factors together create the spatiotemporal characteristics of geographic distribution of Hubei talents in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.One is the political center transferred to Wuchang Palace in the East,has a profound impact on the basic characteristics of Hubei talents distribution.Region east of Hubei Wuchang and Huangzhou,Hanyang Palace,De’an Palace(except Suizhou)can obtain the best political and cultural resources,which greatly promotes the growth of talents in the east Area of Hubei Province,because their geographical location is around of Wuchang,the political center.The other one is the migration,is a key factor affecting the distribution of talents in Hubei especially in Eastern Hubei brought great changes.Hubei played an inportant role in "Jiangxi fill in Huguang","Huguang fill in Sichuan".Eastern Hubei is first embraced the areas of Jiangxi immigrants.since the Song Dynasty,Jiangxi is a culture developed province,Jiangxi immigrants provided both surplus labor,and bring the advanced production technology for Eastern Hubei,which making this region was the first to develop.The last one is the deep historical accumulation and developed the culture and education,provides the best soil for talents development in Hubei province.Not only official school and aslo college education,book carving industry developed,and both righteousness and private schools and family tradition,floating population and the cultural exchangein Eastern Hubei as a trend,Hubei talents became high state during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties Hubei talent geographical distribution also reflects the historical period talent’s growth,adaptation and selection of natural geographical environment,regional cultural and educational development,area administrative changes,the migration of the population factors.