The Modern Academic Transformation And The Movement Of Gushibian

The Movement of Gushibian(debates on ancient history)is an important event in the modern history of China.It occurred in the background of modern academic transformation and influenced the formation of modern academic mode.Its occurrence,on one hand,related to the doubting antiquity thoughts which had accumulated through ages and the social background since modern times.On the other hand,personal factors of Hu Shi,Qian Xuantong and Gu Jiegang were also quite important.No matter at that time or in later generations,the value of this event is embodied in two aspect:ideological liberation and academic exploration.Though some scholars have done research respectively on the ideological value and academic value,there is few systematic studies combining these two aspects.Given above consideration,we will make a study of the Movement of Gushibian in the network woven by modern academic transformation vertically and Gu Jiegang and other scholars' academic activities horizontally.This paper consists of three parts:the preface,main body and addenda.The preface includes research motives,the purport of the subject,the current research situation,materials which are used,the organization of this paper and so on.The body of this paper falls into seven chapters:Chapter one mainly answers two questions:how modern academia transformed and how the moden academic mode was established.First of all,we examined the particular characteristics of "modern times" in Chinese history,regarding it as the "compound modem times" which formed with the "spontaneous modern times" effected by the "foreign modem times".Then,in the background of social changes caused by this particular modernizing course,we studied the eauses and proeess of this transformation's occurrence.The study concluded that this transformation was the result of the combined action of various social conditions and the internal principle during the process of academic development.Besides,this transformation also had deep relationship with Hu Shi and other scholars' enlightenment and guidance.At last,we discussed the "inodernity" and the differences between traditional and modem academic modes.In our opinion,though the modem academic mode which emerged under the influence of"modernity" was not perfect and there were many problems,the transformation was still necessary.Therefore,as an event happening during this transitional period,the occurrence of the Movement of Gushibian was necessary as well.Chapter two is about "modem academic transformation and the occurrence of Movement of Gushibian,.From perspectives of "the doubting antiquity thoughts which had accumulated through ages" and "the relationship between modem China and the occurrence of the Movement of Gushibian",we discussed how the doubting antiquity thoughts which had accumulated through ages and the contemporary spirit(especially anti-traditional thoughts)since the end of Qing dynasty effected the occurrence of the Movement of Gushibian in the background of modem academic transformation.If the doubting antiquity thoughts were fuel,the anti-traditional thoughts would be matches.The accumulation of the former and the spread of the latter were important power to push the academic transformation even the whole social transformation.The third and forth chapters are about "the foundation of the Doubting Antiquity School(Yigupai)and the course of Gu Jiegang's doubting antiquity study".In chapter three,we respectively discussed the influence of Hu Shi and Qian Xuantong on Gu Jiegang and on the Movement of Gushibian.In chapter four,by combining the social background at that time,we examined the course of Gu Jiegang doubting antiquity study,panoramically revealed the debating process at the beginning of the movement and analyzed several relevant questions.We held the view that,as leaders,neither Hu Shi,Qian Xuantong nor Gu Jiegang had made a comprehensive plan or had considered in detail before they started this debate on ancient history.Moreover,due to the lack of academic arrangement,their studies of many questions were superficial.As a result,a lot of their opinions were quite extreme,but this could not cover their contribution to establishing a precedent.Chapter five talks about "the stage division of the Movement of Gushibian from the perspective of modern academic transformation".Since the modem academic transformation has had such a significant effect on the occurrence,change and decline of this movement,it is reasonable to divide the whole progress according to the stages in academia which was under the influence of the change of social thoughts.In our opinion,the start of the Movement of Gushibian was marked by the publish of Gu Jiegang's A Letter to Qian Xuantong on Ancient History in May of 1923,and the movement ended in the middle of 1940s.The sixth and seventh chapters are case studies.One is "Gushibian School's study on Classic of Poetry" and the other is "Gushibian Schoors study on Book of Documents".With studying these two cases,we examined the effects that Gushibian School's study methods had made upon the establishment of modem academic mode.We chose Classic of Poetry and Book of Documents because they not only had important position in traditional study of classics,but also were key subjects in many modem academie fields(such as literature,philosophy,history,etc.).In addition,these two books had direct relationship with the occurrence of the Movement of Gushibian,and most co-founders of this movement like Gu Jiegang had spent their whole life in studying them.Therefore,by examining Gushibian School's study on these two books,it will be clearer to see the influence of the Movement of Gushibian on modern academia.Based on our research,it can be concluded that Gushibian School's research results and study methods in lots of fields have great value in establishing the modern academic mode.The addenda includes two relevant papers,which are added here to support the text.