| Mongolia,with a land area of about 1million 566 thousand sq.km and a population of3.0 million,has the head of 66.2 million cattle,the number of 223.800 herder households,and the number of 311.400 herders(animal breeders)have been working in the cattleprocessing industries,the 34,8% are under the age of 15-34;the 55,3% are retirees aged from 35;the 9.9 percent are retired herders.This study examines the relationship between number of livestock domesticated in Mongolia and socio-economic status of Mongolian nomads.Major assumption of this study is higher the number of livestock,higher the livestock product and vice-versa.Human Development Index of Mongolia is taken as a measurement scale for socio-economic status of Mongolian nomads and Gross Livestock Product is taken as measurement scale for number of livestock in Mongolia.Impact of livestock output on socio-economic status of Mongolian nomads is analysed through log-log and semi-log regression module.This study examines the relationship between number of livestock domesticated in Mongolia and socio-economic status of Mongolian nomads.Major assumption of this study is higher the number of livestock,higher the livestock product and vice-versa.Human Development Index of Mongolia is taken as a measurement scale for socio-economic status of Mongolian nomads and Gross Livestock Product is taken as measurement scale for number of livestock in Mongolia.Impact of livestock output on socio-economic status of Mongolian nomads is analysed through log-log and semi-log regression module.Have done the research on topics of human resource policy on the development of the livestock sector.The main power of the livestock sector is based on herder households,therefore the herders have been provided with the main object of the research.To study the feature of Mongolia’s livestock sector and its development is to be identifying the planning of the policy which is implementing on human resources in the livestock sector and the factors that are being affected to it and the ways to be implemented in further;improving the social development and living conditions of employees in the livestock sector.The research work has been conducted using Secondary data for Mongolian herders,herder households in Tuv aimag and primary data and participatory herders’ approaches and has been processed the survey data using the ANOVA and SPSS programmed and done the correlation and regression analysis.Prior to 1990,Mongolia had a centralized plan for economy,the livestock husbandry was state-owned,the herders were paid,and livestock breeding development and human resource policies were centralized.The livestock sector was dissolved by the reason of the livestock were transferred to private property and each household has been engaged their own household’s business.The senior officials,specialists,veterinarians,and technicians in the livestock sector have become unemployed.The unemployment rate is 6.3 percent in average of the workers in livestock sector and the 29.6 percent are below from the poverty level by the year of 2016.The poverty will be reduced when adhere the policy which urban populations will be oriented towards to rural areas.Since 1990 s,the number of 590.0 thousand people migrated from the capital,and over120.0 thousand people moved to rural areas.The 64.3% of the total population of the capital city are the youth under the age of 35 and the interest of herding livestock of young people has been vanished.In 2016,the number of 25196 people migrated officially to the capital city.As of November 2017,a total of 9,567 migrants were lower than 15629 compared to the previous year.Moreover,as of 2017,the number of 10161 people migrated to rural areas from the capital city and the number of residents who live in the capital city has dropped for the first time in recent years.The 3.0% has tertiary,13% are speciallized secondary educated,the 15% are secondary educated,32% are incomplete,22% are primary and 14% are uneducated of the 3085 herding households which were surveyed in Tuv province.(aimag)However,herders with primary and secondary education tend to be almost functional illiterate the 69% are illiterate.Therefore,education and knowledge of dropouts are very much in rural areas.The number of 110.0 thousand herders were covered by health insurance and the number of37.6 thousand herders voluntarily were insured by the end of 2017 compared to 2016,it has declined by 43.9 herders.Of the 271.6 thousand herders to be covered by social insurance in2017,only the 13.4 percent were covered,it showed that it must to be paid high attention to social insurance for herders.Statistical output shows strong and positive relationship between socio-economic status of Mongolian people and gross livestock output.Mongolian government should be prepared for urgent distribution of livestock fodder packages,immediate veterinary services in the dzud and drought affected areas,development of pre dzud risk mapping system,and special plan to upgrade economic status of small and middle level herders in order to maximize thelivestock output which result in positive changes in socio-economic status of Mongolian peopleAlthough the number of livestock has been increased,herders’ livelihoods has not been improved,and the following factors are related to the influence of the growth of livestock numbers.Including:The size of the herding household is too small,low competitiveness in themarket,most of them are likely survived;separate activities from each other,the forms of cooperation and labor organization are unclear;intermediate traders get profit more because of the products and raw materials are not sold properly and profitably;the main source of revenue is mainly depends on livestock numbers,the number of livestock depends on the nature and the adverse weather effects and the resource of sustainable livelihoods are at high risk.Have been tried to determine the herder’s education,social insurance,socioeconomic indicators of citizens,migration and factors affecting to the head growth of cattle.Based on the survey,the paper can get some significances as follows:The number of people in the sector will increase by improving the development of the social environment of the livestock sector.By eliminating negative impacts to the potential work power on the livestock sector,herder’s migration to the cities will decrease.To developing the human-resources as the pillar of livestock breeding development,it will be created the basis for development of Mongolia’s livestock sector.Herders probably will have an opportunity to identify their income and expendituresThe research shows that the policies implementing on human resource of the development of livestock sector.For example,the number of head of livestock has been increased to more than 60 million,remains issues of social,economic and environmental situation for herders and the migration of herders towards to urban area has been continuing.Finally as concluded:Need to improve herder’s education,rehabilitate to training,give a primary education regarding cooperatives and economics Must to support and assist the social insurance of herders from the government,to fully introduce the importance of social insurance and to intensify the workHave to focus on rural development policy by the government,improve social and cultural environment of herders,in connected with decreasing the migration towards tourban area,give a salary and incentive to citizens who are interested in herding,health and social insurance should be provided by the stateNeed to focus on the quality improvement,not growth of livestock,to establish a consolidated livestock trading center,support small and medium enterprisesGovernment-Herders-Capital(production)these triple links need to be improved. |
