Research On Relationship Between Controlling Water And Fertilizer And Planting Methods And Yield Formation In Mazine

To achieve the optimum and high efficient model of controlling water and fertilizer and sowing strategies,the paper studies the effects of controlling water and fertilizer on physiological and biochemical indexes,nitrogen phosphorus and potassium distribution,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen nutrient balance,root morphology of soil microorganism,yield components,the analysis of the correlation and prediction model of yield by selecting the elements including water,nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer and using the"3414"regression design.Meanwhile,in order to test the feasibility of computer simulation in field maize planting,the selection of the methods of single seed precise sowing in maize is studied based on the quadratic function model Y=A×?D-Dm?²+Ym under the optimum controlling water and fertilizer conditions..The main results are as following:1.Using the high-throughput analysis of soil microorganism,it indicates that the different controlling water and fertilizer can significantly affect the species and amount of microorganism.Under the same fertilizer conditions,increasing soil moisture appropriately facilities the growth and reproduction of soil microorganism,and W₃N₂C₂ treatment is significantly higher than other treatments.However,when the soil moisture is too high,it is meaningless on the increase of the number of microorganism.Under the same organic fertilizer and relative water content of soil,compared with W₀N₀C₀),nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly reduces the number of microorganism.Under the same water and nitrogen treatment,the amount of microorganism in W₂N₂C₃ is the lowest,this indicates that increasing the amount of organ fertilizer can promote the increase of beneficial microorganism obviously,and inhibit the reproduction of non-beneficial microorganism.Therefore,under the optimum condition of soil moisture condition,adding the amount of organic fertilizer properly and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the species and number of soil microorganism community,while because of water deficit,the application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer can reduce them.2.Irrigation,nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer have an important effect on the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in maize.Compared with W₀N₀C₀,W₂N₂C₂ has higher photosynthetic rate,which is 14.28%,26.45%and 36.34%,respectively at different growth stages.The balanced nutrition of nitrogen and organic fertilizer can improve the activity of two defensive enzymes of maize leaf superoxide dismutase?SOD?and catalase?CAT?,and delay the senescence of maize.Nitrogenous fertilizer has the greatest influence on nitrate reductase?NR?activity.Water has the greatest influence on the content of malondialdehyde?MDA?,while controlling water and fertilizer is not significantly to the content of free proline?Pro?.3.We investigate the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on maize plant allocation,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency,and nitrogen nutrient budget balance on controlling water and fertilizer.The results show that absorption of N is mainly concentrated in grains,accounting for 44%to 56%of total N uptake.P uptake in grains is as high as 60%to 70%.K absorption is mainly concentrated in stems,accounting for 48%⁵8%of total K uptake.By investigating the distribution of N,P and K elements in maize in different water and fertilizer ratios,as well as the nutrient deficits and losses,the conclusion is that in W₃N₂C₂,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium are mainly distributed in the maize,being 220.70 kg/hm²,139.09kg/hm²,274.69kg/hm²,respectively;Nitrogen uptake in W₂N₂C₂ is the highest at 220.70kg/hm².Also,the nitrogen use efficiency is 54.16kg/kg and the nitrogen balance is 32.74.Kg/hm².4.The results show that the controlling water and fertilizer has significant effects on maize yield.It can provide references for zero increase of fertilizer by adjusting controlling water,carbon and nitrogen and improving the efficiency of water and fertilizer to ensure maximum production and reduce fertilizer inputs.The data shows the influence factors on the yield of controlling water and fertilizer are water,carbon andthennitrogeninorder.Theoptimummodelistheregressionequation Y=6723.94+1589.98X₁+470.79X₂+182.50X₃-194.23X₁²-74.70X₂²-78.66X₃²+42.12X₁X₂+98.28X₁X₃+89.39X₂X₃.Under the soil water content of 70%,the nitrogen dostage of 150 kg/hm² and the organic fertilizer of 1800 kg/hm²,the maximum yield reaches 11598 kg/hm².5.Controlling water and fertilizer has a significant influence on the root morphology.The results show that the total root length,total root surface area and total root volume in W₃N₂C₂ are 2.89,2.41 and 2.68times as large as those in W₀N₀C₀,respectively.They are significantly different.Because the organic fertilizer can promote the formation of granular soil structure,preserve moisture and fertility,improve soil conditions,improve fertilizer utilization efficiency,these could enhance the growth of plant roots,control water and fertilizer better and then increase the yield.6.Using computer simulation to study the selection of the method of single seed precise sowing in maize,the research of planting density and method is carried out under the optimum controlling water and fertilizer conditions.It indicates that the higher seedling emergence rate is the key point to high and stable production under the single seed precise sowing.Using the planting methods of the ideal number of seedlings and ensuring the seedlings number achieving ideal description number,the yield is highest when the single seed precise sowing is carried out under the optimum controlling water and fertilizer conditions in maize.The definition of seedling missing spots is put forward.The study finds that the relationship between number of hundred-dot spot and field seedling emergence rate is the parabola function y=-189.32x²+309.55x-118.95 and the relationship between number of spot missing seedling and field seedling emergence rate is the negative exponent function y=395.69e^-6.144x.