Research On Landscape Character Identification For Famous Mountains Based On Integrity Of Nature And Culture

The scenic system of ‘Harmony between Human and Nature’ within famous mountainous landscape represents the unique characteristics of mountainous culture and the integration of Shan-Shui pattern.Famous mountainous landscape system not only includes the historic heritage sites but also the whole landscape pattern,which combines the city and landscape scenes.Therefore,the classification and protection method for mountainous landscape should consider both the landscape morphology and the inner social relations rather than be limited in the hierarchical classification of high value resource.This research,based on the analysis of current landscape assessment methods in China and Europe,rethinks the limitation of current landscape classification.This research then proposes the connotation and the framework of Landscape Character Identification(LCI)for famous mountainous landscape in order to improve the current landscape classification and protection methods.This research firstly defines the LCI for famous mountainous landscape as ‘a scientific method for analyzing the combination of landscape elements,spatial morphology and its forming reason’.From the development of famous mountainous landscape,this research,using natural and cultural system of famous mountains as cases,raises LCI framework,which includes ‘map-mechanism-regularity’ three stages.The map stage is a mapping process to classify landscape character.The mechanism stage is a layering process to indicate the forming phase and its reasons.The regularity stage is a deciphering process to explain the relationship among landscape elements,structures and functions.Based on the three stages LCI approach,this research,using Wudang Mountains as a case study,puts forward the integrated protection strategies as regionalized-layeredcorrelative style.The map stage of Wudang Mountains defines the landscape protection area and landscape character types from the perspective of zoning.By combining the GIS technique and historic interpretation approach,this research classifies three landscape character types and eleven sub character types to manage landscape at the mountainous landscape level,and describes the relations among mountain-waterforest-farmland-architecture to conserve landscape at the scenic area level.The mechanism stage of Wudang Mountains makes sure the protection contents.By illustrating the five-step forming processes,the four forming reasons and the three-level impacting relations,this research regards the layering carrier,the layering reason and the layering relations as the protection objects of Wudang Mountains.The regularity stage of Wudang Mountains indicates the structure of integrated protection.By analyzing the Shan-shui pattern and landscape organization forms of Wudang Mountains,this research raises the comprehensive functions of famous mountains as religion spaces,artist originals and human settelements,taking more room on the systematic protection rather than separated ways.This research,based on the integration of natural and cultural system,emphasizes the temporal-spatial integration and logic integration,which means to combine landscape morphology-forming mechanism-systematic regularity as a whole.LCI for famous mountainous landscape not only improves the current landscape classification method but also supplements the method for landscape protection and management.LCI is beneficial to guide the landscape character type classification,confirm the landscape protection content,rebuild the landscape protection structure.It makes contribution to improving protection boundary from point to area,protection process from outside to inside,protection system from structure to function.On one hand,LCI for famous mountainous landscape provides approach and techniqual framework for study of landscape morphology,landscape pattern and urban development of famous mountains.On the other hand,LCI for famous mountainous supplies reference for landscape protection and management of historic famous mountains,as well as the inheritance of mountainous culture.