| Chinese traditional villages are one of the roots of the Chinese traditional cultures.In recent years,our governments have implemented a series of policies to preserve and develop the traditional villages,to which the Chinese people from all walks of life attach great importance,especially after the 19th Session of National congress of the CPC,2017 which advocates implementing strategies of revitalizing the villages,comprehensively activating the rural development so as to solve the questions of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers",and makes clear that preservation and development of the traditional villages should be the dominant part of the strategies of revitalizing the villages.The Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Province,which is economically advanced,has witnessed the frequent occurrence of destruction of the traditional villages in the process of speedy industrialization and urbanization,hence there is an urgent need to protect and develop them.Conghua,as the back garden of Guangzhou,has maintained a considerate number of traditional villages,whose number,density and quality rank first in Guangzhou,even in the Pear River Delta.The subjects who preserve and develop the traditional villages mainly include villagers,governments,enterprises,scholars and commonweal organizations.The previous studies are largely concerned with the objects of the study of the traditional villages,paying comparatively little attention to the analysis of the participants,especially a systematic analysis of the role of the government.Consequently.The county government plays a key role in enforcing the policies of the central government in china,because it directly faces the problems in the towns and villages,is familiar with the present situations of the traditional villages,and is the direct subject that participates in the protection and development of the traditional villages.Consequently,research(with Conghua,Guangzhou as its example)into the county government’s role in preserving and developing the traditional villages is urgent,representative and typical.This paper is based on the architectural history and theory and consults theories and methods related to economics and management.After extensive studies of the traditional villages in Conghua,it is devoted to digging into the function of the county government in the preservation and development of the traditional villages and its practice mode.Considering the fact the villagers,the government and the enterprises play different roles,it starts from three perspectives,namely,the political function of the government,its economic function and social function,and carries out its research into its functional mechanism of stabilizing order,administrating efficiency and guaranteeing justice in preserving and developing the traditional villages and into this mechanism’s optimization strategies,in the hopes of pushing forward the effective protection of the traditional villages and their sustainable development.Firstly,there is a certain degree of blindness in the villagers’ spontaneous preservation and development of the traditional villages.As a result,the government should optimize its function of stabilizing order.This function is very important to the villagers’ subjective role and their efforts to preserve and develop the traditional villages are obviously applicable and pertinent.These villages have the power to unite tribal forces,set up good examples for others to follow,and push forward non-governmental organizations.The villagers’spontaneous participation reflects the subjective advantage of the localized production and life.Meanwhile,it has some flaws and defections such as the fragile economic forces,limited professional forces and ambiguous developmental projects.The practice of preservation and development in Xitou Village,Conghua indicates that behind the prosperous tourist market,there lies a fact of inadequate protection of the historical architectural buildings,the disorderly market system,the ambiguous overall developmental objective and the inevitability of the conflicts between the interests of the villagers and those of the government,between the interests of the villagers and those of the enterprises.To optimize the governmental function of stabilizing order in the process of preserving and developing traditional villages,we should perfect the layout mechanism so as to ensure the layout order in the protection and development of the traditional villages,establish an educational mechanism to cultivate the order of the spontaneous participation in the preservation and development of the traditional villages,improve the supervision mechanism to establish the order of exploitation,construction and management in the preservation and development of the traditional villages.The aim is to find a solution to the government’s absence from the present traditional villages and reach a kind of sound and orderly development of the traditional villages.Secondly,there is an issue of low efficiency of the supply of public facilities in the government’s dominance of the protection and development of the traditional villages and we should optimize the government’s function of administrating efficiency.The government’s function of administrating efficiency is very important to its interventional role,and the devotion to preserving and developing those large traditional villages is applicable and pertinent.In the traditional villages,the base of public participation is fragile,and the power of the traditional economy is inadequate,but they enjoy great tourist potential.In consideration of the enormous value and the possible risk of the traditional material and immaterial cultural resources,the government’s leading role in preserving and developing villages has an advantage of the authority of public credibility,an advantage of policy guidance,an advantage of short-term capital from the government and an advantage of decision protection.Meanwhile,there are problems such as a lack of the subjective participation of the villagers and market and inadequate supply of the governmental facilities.The practice of preservation and development in Xuanxing Village,Conghua indicates that the government has initiated a series of projects of boosting the construction of eco-friendly villages,tourist villages and beautiful villages,and of providing guidance for the enterprises’investment in tourism.Years of devoted work used to embrace some success,but has now come to a standstill.The key issue lies in the conflicts between the interests of the local villagers and those of the government,between the interests of the government and those of the enterprises.The optimization of the government’s function of administrating efficiency in the process of preserving and developing traditional villages,to be specific,includes the establishment of a comprehensive mechanism of implementing polices so as to guarantee the supply efficiency of the public facilities in the traditional villages,the establishment of the Internet+mechanism in order to heighten the comprehensive efficiency of the platform of preserving and developing traditional villages,and the introduction of a market mechanism to improve the input and output efficiency of the protection and development of the traditional villages.The aim of the optimization is to seek a solution to the offside behavior of the government in the traditional villages and achieve the effective management and efficient development of the traditional villages.Thirdly,there is a certain extent of injustice in the enterprises’ intervention in the protection and development of the traditional villages and we should optimize the government’s function of guaranteeing justice.The government’s function of guaranteeing justice plays a crucial role in organizing the enterprises’ intervention and the traditional villages where enterprises carry out projects of preservation and development are applicable and pertinent.For lack of the investment in the protection of villages,and on account of the adequate qualifications on the part of the exploitation of the villages by the market,the government encourages and pushes forward the intervention of the relevant enterprises.This practice has an advantage of capital input,an advantage of integrating the enterprises’resources,and an advantage of administrating the enterprises,but it is also confronted with problems,such as the coexistence of the continuous capital supply and capital rupture,interest distribution dominated by the enterprises and over-consumption of public facilities in the villages.The practice of preservation and development in Qiangang Village,Conghua indicates that after several rounds of foreign investments,the villagers have witnessed some progress in the tourist activities,but unfortunately without rewards to their satisfaction.To make matters worse,there arise the conflicts between the enterprises,the government and the villagers.The optimization of the government’s function of guaranteeing justice in the course of preserving and developing the traditional villages,to be specific,includes giving a clear definition of the mechanism of property rights so as to ensure justice in the income distribution among the villagers in the process of protecting and developing the traditional villages,perfecting the complement mechanism of the relevant institutions to guarantee justice of the market mechanism in the process of the enterprises’participation in protecting and developing the traditional villages,and establishing an macroscopic regulative and control mechanism in order to guarantee the justice in the sustainable development of the value of the traditional villages.The aim of the optimization is to find a solution to the displacement of the government’s function,offer a certain degree of stimulation and constraint to the enterprises and achieve fair protection and development of the traditional villages. |
