| Under the increasingly severe urban water environment problem in China,the construction of sponge city with environmental adaptability that cope with urban stormwater disaster is on the rise.The construction of sponge city based on stormwater management can reduce the urban rainwater runoff,improve the water environment,save the cost of urban management,and create visual beauty.The construction of the sponge campus is not only the inner requirement of the construction of the sponge City,but also the important development direction of ecological campus in the future.Aiming at stormwater management at university campus,this paper explores specific strategies and ways to achieve sustainable stormwater management in university campus landscape from the perspective of landscape architecture.Based on combing the development history of stormwater management at home and abroad,this paper explores the development process of stormwater management at colleges and universities and provides development ideas for the construction of sponge universities in China.Through a variety of research methods,the paper analyzes many stormwater management plan documents of American universities,and provides reference for stormwater management in colleges and universities in China.Combined with the characteristics of Chinese universities,the suitability of stormwater management measures is analyzed,and the specific design objectives,strategies and processes as well as model evaluation methods are studied.At the same time,the important environmental factors(soil,water system,etc.)which affect the stormwater management measures are also studied.The paper draws the following research results:(1)According to the analysis of 50 documents of American University campus master plan,the position and content of stormwater management are quite different and can be divided into three levels.Its objectives and content are abundant and the goal involves the restoration of the campus water system,the protection of the river basin and the construction and evaluation of the sustainable site.The contents include the present environment,specific strategies and suggestions,the construction and evaluation of the project,the cooperation and the outreach and so on.The compilation of plan documents has the characteristics of abundant basic data,flexible planning,integrity and diversity of planning.(2)Through analysis of programs prepared by 24 American colleges and universities,discussion are made on specific contents of stormwater management from the aspects of executive summary,analysis,mitigation measures and recommendations,implementation and evaluation,so as to provide references for colleges and universities in China to prepare stormwater management programs.The planning of stormwater management in colleges and universities in China should be based on the premise of combining its own conditions,and fully draw on the beneficial results of American colleges and universities stormwater management plan documents in the aspects of policy norms,design guidelines,basic database construction,evaluation and analysis of stormwater models,the general methods and results of measurable goals,evaluation and planning and so on.Furthermore,we should try to link up with Campus Master Plan and landscape planning and explore the suitable situation for Chinese universities in the mode and method of the planning campus stormwater management.(3)the causes of stormwater problems in colleges and universities are complex.Topography,rainfall,pipeline size and green space may cause stormwater problems.Therefore,the solution strategy needs to be combined with the actual situation and through the green infrastructure and gray infrastructure to deal with the stormwater problem.(4)the joint use of structural measures and non structural measures(organization,management,system and so on)should applied to the campus green space stormwater management.At the same time,the investigation and monitoring of the soil,water system and pipe network of the campus green space plays a basic role in the decision-making of the management of the green space stormwater management.(5)the planning of stormwater management should be carried out in two levels of campus scale and site scale in the campus green space of colleges and universities.The campus scale focuses on the overall stormwater management strategies and ways,and the site scales focus on the layout and integration of specific BMP facilities.On the basis of meeting the overall rainwater runoff and quality requirements,green space can be incorporated into other design objectives under the artistic rainwater design theory(ARD).(6)through SBE method and statistical method,the paper extracts the visual perception elements of green space related with stormwater management in colleges and universities and holds that their visual perception is mainly focused on color,plant collocation and combination,and the form of water body.The specific visual perception elements of different BMP facilities are also different.In the planning and reconstruction of green space in colleges and universities,we should combine the characteristics of the specific BMP facilities,giving priority to the rational design and layout of landscape elements that significantly affect the visual perception of teachers and students.(7)the sponge green space construction of university campus in Chengdu is developing rapidly.Many universities’ practical investigation shows that a certain part of the campus green space and water system are not up to standard,which has become an obstacle for them to use the green space and drainage system to carry out rainwater infiltration and retention.Therefore,the corresponding improvement should be carried out in combination with specific reasons.The surface soil of 51 campus green space is sampled and analyzed.The results show that there are great differences in the specific soil indexes of different functional areas and types of green space in colleges and universities,and even the specific indexes of the same type of green space vary greatly.In order to promote the normal growth of vegetation and promote the infiltration of rainwater,it should be optimized according to the specific conditions of each green space.For green space with high soil compaction and low water content,soil and irrigation should be carried out.For soil with low nutrition or undernourishment,the soil should be fertilized in time,or soil improvement measures should be taken;for soil with pH that does not conform to the growth of vegetation,the acid or alkaline fertilizer should be added.34 campus landscape water samples were sampled and analyzed.The results showed that 16 of the water bodies were inferior V,accounting for 47.06% of the water bodies.These water bodies were the pool,river and landscape lake.The main reasons for the poor water quality are BOD,COD,TN and NH3-N,and the turbidity and chromaticity of the inferior V are often difficult to meet the standard,which has a certain effect on the visual beauty.(8)Taking a university in Chengdu as an example,the method of campus green space stormwater management planning and design is demonstrated,and for the design scheme the ability of runoff and runoff quality reduction is verified by SWMM model.The paper try to build the management and technical guidelines for stormwater management in Chengdu’s colleges and universities to provide reference for the stormmwater management of other colleges and universities in Chengdu. |
