Research On Ecological Compensationand Investment & Financing Mechanisms For Air Pollution Control

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Chinese government has always given strong emphasis on the development of ecological civilization and placed the construction of ecological civilization in a significant strategic position.An important task in the construction of ecological civilization in China is to control air pollution and improve air quality.At present,the air pollution control work of China is gradually entering a scientific and refined stage,and various policies and measures are being actively promoted.However,it should be noted that the reality of China's heavy industrial structure,unbalanced energy structure,and irrational transportation structure have led to large total emissions of atmospheric pollutants,high intensity of emissions and insufficient funding from the government.Now China's air pollution control has come into a very important tackling phase.Under this situation,the establishment of an ecological compensation mechanism for air pollution control can not only solve the problem of insufficient funds for air pollution control but also be conducive to the role of financial instruments in stimulating and guiding the market and promote the development of ecological civilization.However,due to the complexity of the causes of air pollution and its interregional mobility,compared with other traditional fields(watersheds,soils,forests,etc.),ecological compensation for air pollution requires higher levels of collaboration and cooperation.Such a difficult field of ecological compensation is related to less theoretical research and practical experience.President Xi pointed put forward in the report of the 19 th National Congress of the CPC that it is necessary to "establish a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism".Under the guidance of this idea,it is urgent to study the ecological compensation mechanism for air pollution control in China.The establishment of a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism for air pollution control must focus on the three key issues of "who compensates who" "compensation standards" and "funding sources"."who compensates who" answers the question of the subject of ecological compensation,that is,how to reasonably determine the payer and payee of ecological compensation when it is difficult to define the responsible party and the beneficiary of air pollution.Given this problem,this paper fully considers the differences between cities at various industrialization phases.The cluster analysis is used to divide 272 cities into five categories according to their socioeconomic status and provide a basis for determining cities' compensation roles.The "compensation standard" is the core issue of ecological compensation,which involves the calculation and distribution of the funds of ecological compensation.To make ecological compensation for air pollution,we must first understand how much the payee has undertaken in order to achieve the common goal of air pollution control,and how much socio-economic costs the payee has paid to complete these additional air pollution control tasks.To solve these problems,this study starts with the relationship between air pollution control and economic development.We establish the PSTR models and analyze the socio-economic costs of air pollution control in cities at different stages of industrialization development.Then,we calculate the area and extension of air pollution diffusion.the spatial autocorrelation model is constructed to analyze the rationality of establishing a “cooperative governance circle” for ecological compensation of atmospheric pollution governance.Meanwhile,the degree of atmospheric pollution is calculated to provide a basis for the calculation of the funds of ecological compensation.Finally,"funding" is a key issue that needs to be addressed in ecological compensation.At present,China 's air pollution control is facing a serious shortage of funds.The establishment of an ecological compensation mechanism for air pollution also requires sufficient funding.We are supposed to take full use of financial institutions in regulating the supply and demand of funds and improve the investment and financing mechanisms for air pollution control to provide channels for social funds to participate in air pollution control.While addressing the financing needs of air pollution control,it can also meet the investment needs of social funds for related green projects.This paper systematically analyzes the current status of investment and financing of air pollution control in China from the perspectives of investment and financing characteristics of air pollution control sectors,financial support for air pollution control,financial instruments and funding sources of air pollution control.Finally,based on related theoretical analysis and empirical research,this article puts forward suggestions: coordinating the development of ecological compensation and socioeconomic,expanding market-oriented and diversified compensation channels,improving the investment and financing mechanisms for air pollution control,and promoting the ecological compensation system for air pollution control.