Analysis Of Wave Energy And Offshore Wind Energy Resources

With shortages of conventional energy(such as coal and oil),the advantages of wave energy and offshore wind energy are numerous and include its broad geographic viability,large storage capacity,and non-pollution,as well as renewable,all of which make these resources an attractive option for developed countries.The knowledge of the characteristics of marine energy is the basis of safety,reasonable and efficient energy utilization.Previous researches have made great contribution to the analysis of wave energy and offshore wind energy on global oceans.However,there is few research focus on the South China Sea(SCS)and the North Indian Ocean(NIO).The SCS and NIO are the two main regions of the 21~stt Century Maritime Silk Road(short as“Maritime Silk Road”).The infrastructure construction(such as electricity and freshwater)of countries and regions of the Maritime Silk Road is weak as a whole,which seriously restricts the development of the Maritime Silk Road.The rational exploitation and utilization of wave energy and offshore wind energy will provide a positive contribution to ease the energy crisis of human society,protect the marine ecological environment,improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road,enhance the viability of strategic point,promote the island tourism,thus to enhance the marine construction capacity and the control ability of SCS,which will be a highlight of the Maritime Silk Road.There is an obvious need for“resource evaluation and planning in advance”in energy development.As a whole,the research on the wave energy and offshore wind energy of the SCS and NIO is scarce,especially on the systematicness of assessment,energy classification,long term trend of energy,characteristics of energy of the strategic point,short-term forecasting of wave energy,as well as the propagation of swell and its impact on the wave energy evaluation,which seriously restricts the industrialization and scale development of wave energy and offshore wind energy.This paper aims to analyze the climatic characteristics of wave energy and offshore wind energy,realize the energy classification,focus on the energy characteristics of strategic point and establish a energy evaluation system of strategic point,propose a short-term forecasting system of wave energy that suit for the SCS and NIO,detect the propagation characteristic of swells,analyze the disaster factors of wave and wind that close related to the ocean engineering and disaster prevention and reduction.We hope these work can service for the site location of power plant,daily operation and long-term planning of marine new energy development(such as wave power generation,offshore wind power generation and seawater desalination),thus to make positive contribution to the infrastructure construction of the Maritime Silk Road.Results show that,(1)The SCS and NIO contain rich wave energy that suit for development.The wave power density is optimistic,of 9~24 kW/m in the Arabian Sea,6~21 kW/m in the Bay of Bengal,2~10 kW/m in the SCS.The effective storage of wave energy is above0.6×10~5 kW·h/m.The available rate of wave energy is optimistic,of 40%-60%in the SCS and Arabian Sea,50%-90%in the Bay of Bengal.For the period 1979-2015,the wave energy parameters exhibit positive trends.The wave energy in the Sri Lanka is optimistic:the available rate is above 50%all year round,the energy mainly comes from southeast and southwest,the sea state is mainly 1.0-2.0 m and 8.0 s,the wave energy has a positive trend,the relative advantage regions of wave energy are the south,southwest and southeast of Sri Lanka.(2)From the macro-scale classification of wave energy of the SCS and NIO,the SCS mainly belongs to available region,the Arabian Sea and north of the Bay of Bengal belong to sub-rich region,and the mid-south of the Bay of Bengal and the tropical waters of the South Indian Ocean belong to rich region.From the micro-scale classification of wave energy of the Sri Lanka,the advantage region is distribute in the southeast area,while the east coast of the Indian Peninsula,Palk Strait and Manaar Bay are locate in poor region.(3)The WW3 has a good short-term forecasting ability of wave energy of the SCS and NIO.In the numerical simulation of wave energy,different south boundaries do not have obvious impact on the simulation result of the SCS,while different south boundaries have significant impact on the simulation result of the NIO.The full consideration of swells come from the South Indian Ocean will significantly improve the simulation precision of the NIO.(4)The wind-sea wave field has a good agreement with the sea surface wind field in the Indian Ocean,especially the NIO in the monsoon seasons.The swell wave field has a good agreement with the mixed wave field.The swells play a leading role in the mixed wave in the Indian Ocean,except the Arabian Sea in June-July-August.For the past 45 years(1957.09-2002.08),the swell wave height and significant wave height have an increasing trend in most of the Indian Ocean.The gale occurrence and rough sea occurrence in the Arabian Sea is greater than that in the SCS and Bay of Bengal.The extreme wave height and extreme wind speed in the SCS is greater than that in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.(5)On the interannual and interdecadal scale variations,the swell and mixed wave in the South Indian Ocean westerly(SIOW)and the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean have a common period of 9.8-10.4 a.On the intraseasonal scale,the sea surface wind speed,wind-sea and swell of the SIOW,the swell of the tropical Indian Ocean,the Sri Lanka waters,the Christmas Island waters and the former 4 mould forms of EOF analysis of swell in the Indian Ocean have a common period of weekly oscillation.Swell of the SIOW needs approximately 30 hours to fully respond to the wind in this region.Approximately 4 d is required for swell to propagate from the SIOW to the tropical waters of the South Indian Ocean,while 5-6 d is required for swell to propagate from the SIOW to the tropical waters of the North Indian Ocean.(6)The swell of the SIOW generally spreads to two regions:the Sri Lankan waters and the Christmas Island waters.Approximately 5-6 d is required for swell to propagate from the west of the SIOW to the Sri Lankan waters,while 2-3 d is required for east to propagate from the west of the SIOW to the Christmas Island waters.The propagation speed of swell in the SIOW in June-July-August-September is faster than that in other months.The northward propagation of swell has a significant on the evaluation of wave energy.There will be an obvious error of the wave energy in the Bay of Bengal without consideration of swell propagation.(7)The SCS and NIO contain rich wave energy that suit for development.The wind power density,occurrence of effective wind speed and the occurrence of wind power density greater than 200 W/m~2is optimistic as a whole.The large areas of the above factors are the Somalia waters,traditional gale center of the SCS and the Luzon strait,followed by the Maner Sea as the relative large center.For the period 1979-2015,the factors of wind energy of the SCS and NIO exhibit positive trend.The wind energy of the Gwadar Port is available all year round,with stable coming direction and low gale occurrence,which are optimistic for the wind energy development.(8)The expectation values of wind energy in the SCS and NIO is above 0.5,belong to rich and sub-rich.The Somalia waters,the Comorin Cape waters,the southeast waters of the Sri Lanka and the traditional gale center of the South China Sea are the large value centers of the expectation values of wind energy.The poor regions are mainly distribute in the equator waters.The relative rich regions of wind energy of the Sri Lanka waters are mainly located in the Manaar Bay and its west waters,Palk Strait,the southeast of the Sri Lanka.