Analysis Of The Itnpact Of High-speed Rail Opening On Total Factor Productivity

With the rapid development of China's high-speed railway,China's transportation structure has undergone tremendous changes—the rapid growth of high-speed rail passenger traffic,the proportion of high-speed rail passenger traffic to railway passenger traffic,and operating mileage and passenger traffic of high-speed rail in China also maintained a high growth rate.By the end of 2017,China's high-speed rail passenger transport totaled more than 1.7 billion passengers and its operating mileage exceeded 25,000 kilometers.China's "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway network has also basically taken shape.Due to the rapid,convenient and low-impact nature of high-speed rail,the rapid development of China's high-speed railway has greatly affected the choice of the ways of people travel,site selection of enterprise vendors and open area location advantages,also indirectly affect the regional economic structure and spatial distribution;and brought new development opportunity for the social economy development of open area.At the same time,high-speed rail also improves accessibility between open areas,shortens the time cost between open areas,and reduces communication costs and cooperation costs between different open areas,which promote the flow of talent,capital and information.And effective configuration,which will help to improve the level of collaborative innovation and overall productivity in the open areas.Therefore,under the background that China's economy is gradually moving from high-speed growth to new normal,studying the impact of high-speed rail opening on total factor productivity has important practical value for realizing sustainable growth and high-quality development of China's economy.Based on the great influence of high-speed rail on the social and economic development of the opening area,this paper studies the impact of high-speed rail on the total factor productivity of the open area from multiple perspectives.First of all,this paper not only studies the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail opening on TFP growth rate from the macroeconomic level,but also further examines the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail on the improvement of technical efficiency,technological progress rate and scale efficiency change in the opening area.Then,based on the perspective of microeconomics,this paper analyzes the impact of high-speed rail opening on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening area,and further explores and tests the mechanism of high-speed rail affecting the total factor productivity level of enterprises in the opening regions.Finally,this paper studies how the high-speed rail opening affects government behavior from the perspective of government behavior,and how the high-speed rail opening affects the TFP growth rate in the opening area through government actions,and empirically analyzes the high?speed rail to influence the growth rate of TFP in the opening area through government behavior.Therefore,the main research contents of this paper are as follows:Chapter one is the introduction of this paper.This chapter first expounds the research background of this paper,then introduces the problems to be studied in this paper,and points out the significance of this paper.At the same time,this chapter further explains the research ideas and structure of the paper.Finally,the paper points out the innovation and deficiencies of this research.The second chapter is a literature review.This chapter first sets out the research literature of high-speed rail on the aspects of high-speed rail opening and economic growth,high-speed rail opening and micro-economic behavior,high-speed rail opening and industrial development and heterogeneity.Then,the literature on the study of total factor productivity is summarized from the measurement method of total factor productivity and the application of total factor productivity theory in China.In addition,this chapter further combs the literature on the study of transportation infrastructure and total factor productivity.Finally,the research summary is summarized,and the basic theoretical framework of this paper is further proposed.The third chapter is the development of high-speed railway.This chapter first discusses the definition of high-speed railway in different countries and regions,and briefly introduces and discusses the high-speed railway development in several countries with rapid development of foreign high-speed rail.Then,it discusses in detail the development process of China's high-speed railway,and compares and analyzes the development of high-speed railways between China and foreign countries from different aspects.The fourth chapter is the heterogeneity analysis of the high-speed rail opening of TFP growth rate.This chapter studies the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail on the TFP growth rate in the opening area from the macroeconomic level.First of all,this chapter theoretically analyzes how high-speed rail affects the growth rate of TFP in the opening regions,and proposes three heterogeneity hypotheses for the growth of TFP based on the differences in high-speed rail networks and different levels of cities and regions.Then,empirically test the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail on the growth rate of TFP in the opening area.Finally,by decomposing the growth rate of TFP,the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail opening on technological efficiency improvement,technological progress rate and scale efficiency change is further studied.The fifth chapter is the analysis of the impact of high-speed rail opening on the total factor productivity of enterprises.Firstly,this chapter studies the impact of high-speed rail on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening regions from the microeconomic level,and further empirically analyzes the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail on enterprises in the opening regions from the perspective of different regions and different property rights.At the same time,from the two perspectives of enterprise's emphasis on technological innovation and corporate short-sighted behavior,the role mechanism of high-speed rail affecting the total factor productivity level of enterprises in the opening regions are further testedThe sixth chapter is the opening of high-speed rail,government behavior and total factor productivity growth rate.This chapter examines from a macroeconomic perspective how high-speed rail affects government behavior in open areas and how high-speed rail affects TFP growth rates in open regions through government actions This chapter studies theoretically and empirically how high-speed rail affects the behavior of government in the opening area(the proportion of government science and technology expenditure,regional medical and health environment),and how high-speed rail affects the growth rate of TFP in the opening area through government actions,and further empirically analyzes the adoption of high-speed rail.Government behavior affects the regional heterogeneity of TFP growth rates in the region.The seventh chapter is the research conclusions,policy recommendations and research prospects.This chapter summarizes the main research conclusions of this paper,and puts forward some specific policy recommendations for the research conclusions of this paper.Finally,it points out further research directions in the future.This paper studies the impact of high-speed rail opening on total factor productivity.The main research conclusions can be summarized as follows:First,based on the macroeconomic perspective,this paper finds that,on the whole,the high-speed rail has a significant positive impact on the TFP growth rate in the opening regions,but the impact on the TFP growth rate in different levels of cities and regions is heterogeneous:the opening of the high-speed rail has increased the TFP growth rate of regional central cities,non-central cities,and eastern regions,and has inhibited the TFP growth rate of national central cities,while the impact on TFP growth rates in the central and western regions is not significant;Moreover,the impact of high-speed rail opening on regional central urban areas is greater than that in non-central urban areas.This paper further studies the dynamic effects and hysteresis effects of high-speed rail on the growth rate of TFP in open regions.For different levels of cities and different regions,the dynamic effects and hysteresis effects of high-speed rail on the growth rate of TFP in the region are also heterogeneous.At the same time,through further decomposition of the TFP growth rate,it is found that the high-speed rail has a heterogeneous impact on technological efficiency improvement,technological progress rate and scale efficiency change in different levels of cities and regions.Secondly,based on the microeconomic level,this paper studies the impact of high-speed rail on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening regions.The study finds that the opening of high-speed rail significantly affects the total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening regions,but this effect is heterogeneous,that is,the opening of high-speed rail has increased the total factor productivity of enterprises in the eastern and central regions,but it has a negative effect on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the western region.At the same time,the impact of high-speed rail opening on the total factor productivity of non-state-owned manufacturing listed companies is significantly greater than that of state-owned manufacturing listed companies.Then,from the perspective of the enterprise itself,it is further studied that the mechanism of high-speed rail may affect the total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening regions.On the one hand,the high-speed rail improves the innovation level of enterprises in the opening regions by increasing the R&D investment intensity of enterprises and the number of patent applications.Improve the level of total factor productivity of enterprises;on the other hand,the opening of high-speed rail has reduced the short-sighted decision-making behavior of enterprises in the opening regions,improved the efficiency and scientificity of enterprise management,and thus promoted the level of total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening regions.Thirdly,this paper studies the impact of high-speed rail opening on government behavior from the perspective of government behavior,and how high-speed rail affects the TFP growth rate of open regions through government actions.The study found that high-speed rail has increased the proportion of government science and technology expenditures and health care environment in the opening areas,and the high-speed rail will promote the TFP growth rate in the opening areas by increasing the proportion of government science and technology expenditures in the opening areas and improving the health care environment in the opening areas.At the same time,the high-speed rail has regional heterogeneity through the proportion of government science and technology expenditure and the growth rate of TFP in the opening of the health care environment:the high-speed rail will increase the growth rate of TFP in the opening regions by increasing the proportion of government science and technology expenditures in the eastern and western regions.The impact on the central region is not significant.Moreover,the high-speed rail will improve health care in the central and western regions.Promote the increase in TFP growth rate in the opening area,but not significant in the eastern region.The innovations of this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects:Firstly,this paper studies the impact of high-speed rail on the growth rate of TFP in the opening area from the macro level for the first time,and empirically analyzes the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail opening on the growth rate of TFP in different levels of cities and regions,and the high-speed rail opening,and the heterogeneity of the dynamic effects and hysteresis effect of high-speed rail opening on TFP growth rates in different levels of cities and regions.Moreover,by decomposing the growth rate of TFP,this paper further studies which part of the change of technical efficiency,technological progress rate and scale efficiency affects the growth rate of TFP in the opening area,and empirical test examines the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail opening on technological efficiency improvement,technological progress rate and scale efficiency change in different levels of cities and regionsSecondly,based on the microeconomic level,this paper empirically tests the impact of high-speed rail on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening regions.This paper empirically analyzes the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the opening regions from the perspective of different regions and different property rights,and further studies the specific mechanism of high-speed rail affecting the total factor productivity level of enterprises in the opening regions.That is,enterprises in the opening regions pay more attention to innovation,and will also reduce the short-term decision-making behavior of enterprises to a certain extent,thus promoting the improvement of the total factor productivity level of enterprises in the opening regions.And this provides a new perspective for enterprises to actively respond to the opportunities and challenges brought by high-speed rail.Thirdly,this paper studies how the high-speed rail affects the TFP growth rate of the opening regions through government actions from the perspective of government behavior.This is the first time that the government behavior has been introduced into the high-speed rail to influence the TFP growth rate of the opening regions.And further enriched the research content of high-speed rail opening and TFP growth rate.At the same time,this paper studies the impact of high-speed rail on government behavior(the proportion of government science and technology expenditure,regional medical and health environment),and how high-speed rail affects the growth rate of TFP in the region through government actions from the theoretical and empirical perspectives.This provides a theoretical basis and empirical experience for the government to respond to the opportunities and challenges brought by the high-speed rail.And this is also one of the innovations of this paper.