| As the globalization of the world economy continues to deepen,countries participate in the global industrial division of labor based on their comparative advantages.According to the principle of comparative advantage,countries with abundant natural resources should vigorously develop natural resource industries that mainly export primary products,thus accelerating economic growth.On the contrary,in the global industrial division of labor,developing countries that mainly export natural resources are at the low end of the industrial chain.In some countries or regions,natural resources have not become an important driving force for economic growth,but have contradicted the phenomenon that natural resources inhibit economic growth.This phenomenon is what the academics call the"resource curse" phenomenon.In the process of China’s economic development,the development of resource-based regions faces the same problem.Resource-based regions,as raw materials and energy supply places in China,have played an important role in the sustainable development of the national economy.However,due to the long-term extensive development mode of resource-based regions,economic and social problems such as single industrial structure,high unemployment rate and depleted resources have emerged in resource-based regions,causing them to fall into the predicament of"resource curse".In order to break through the trap of resource curse,domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a series of meaningful researches,of which the international research on resource curse is especially more extensive.But due to the special natural,historical and institutional conditions,the international "resource curse" research conclusions are not fully applicable to China,and the research on the "resource curse" problem in China is still in the exploratory stage.The resource curse transmission mechanism has not yet been determined,and further research is needed.With China’s social and economic development entering a new historical stage,green economic growth has become an inevitable choice for China’s economy to achieve higher quality,more efficient and more sustainable development.At the same time,Considering the resource waste and environmental pollution problems faced by resource-based regions,this paper takes a bold exploration and a careful verification by introducing green economic growth into the research of resource curse,and has re-verified the resource curse problem of prefecture-level cities,resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities from the perspective of high-quality economic development.At the same time,based on the analysis of the existing transmission mechanism literature,this paper makes an in-depth review of the resource curse transmission mechanism.According to the summary and refinement of related literatures,this paper has included the long-term neglected factor,industrial structure,in the research of resource curse transmission mechanism,and has then re-verified the resource curse.This paper deeply analyzes the relationship between industrial structure and resource curse,that is,the dynamic and intermediary relationship between resource dependence,industrial structure and green economic growth.Then,the analysis of the resource curse transmission mechanism provides policy recommendations to solve the dilemma of the resource-based cities’ resource curse.The research in this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:First,the phenomenon of resource curse at the prefecture-level cities in China was re-validated based on the perspective of green economic growth.From a research perspective,China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth phase to a high-quality development phase,but most research on resource curse has focused on the perspective of high-speed economic growth.From a research range perspective,China’s resource curse research is mostly focused on the country,regional and inter-provincial levels with a less in-depth research at the prefecture-level city level.Therefore,this paper takes into account the factors of resource consumption and environmental pollution,and uses the DEA-Malmqisit index method to calculate the green economic growth level of 285 prefecture-level cities and above,and replace the high-speed economic growth focus to further study the resource curse problem.The calculation results of green economic growth level show that:(1)From the perspective of time evolution:the green economic growth of prefecture-level cities in China showed an overall growth trend in 2004-2016,and the gap between resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities has gradually decreased.(2)From the perspective of spatial distribution,high green economic growth are reflected on cities in the southeast coast,but are limited in the northeast and central regions.(3)From the perspective of cyclical fluctuations,China’s green economic growth shows an obvious cyclical fluctuation of 4-5 years.At the same time,taking into account the spatial correlation between the elements,the spatial factors are included in the analysis of the resource curse,and the spatial Dubin model is used to verify the relationship between resource dependence and green economic growth,that is,to re?verify the resource curse of the prefecture-level cities in China.The results show that:(1)From the perspective of non-resource cities,there is a weak negative correlation between resource dependence and green economic growth.(2)From the perspective of the overall level of the prefecture-level city and the resource-based city level,there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between resource dependence and green economic growth.It is further explained that the industrial development in resource-based regions is over-reliant on resource exploitation,which leads to resource curse.Natural resource is not always a curse of economic development.Second,China is in a critical stage of economic restructuring.The role of structural factors in the development of high-quality economy cannot be ignored.However,for a long time,the industrial structure factor has long been excluded from the resource curse transmission mechanism,which has hindered the in-depth study of the "resource curse" problem theoretically and practically.In view of this,this paper uses the intermediary conduction model to explore the internal causes of the formation of the "resource curse"from the perspective of industrial structure,further enriches the relevant theoretical research on the resource curse transmission mechanism,and provides experiences on achieving sustainable development for the resource-based region to crack the resource curse.The results show that:(1)resource dependence will affect the normal evolution of industrial structure by distorting the rationalization of industrial structure and restricting the upgrade of industrial structure.At the level of the prefecture-level city and the resource-based city,the resource dependence has a significant impact on the three dimensions of the industrial structure.At the non-resource-based city level,resource dependence only restricts the progress of the industrial structure.(2)The industrial structure accelerates regional green economic growth through rationalization and advancement.However,due to the slow transition of the industrial structure in the resource-based regions,the process of accelerating the growth of green economic has not been fully utilized.(3)Industrial structure is one of the transmission mechanisms of resource curse,that is,the intermediary role played by industrial structure in the relationship between resource dependence and green economic growth is increasingly prominent.Third,the traditional research on resource curse is mainly from the static panel model.This paper introduces the Panel Vector Autoregressive Model(PVAR)into the research of resource dependence,industrial structure and green economic growth,and studies their mutual impact and feedback mechanism from a dynamic perspective.The results show that:(1)resource dependence has a significant negative impact on industrial structure transformation and upgrade in regions of different resource types.(2)The structural transformation and upgrade of resource-based regions did not exert a structural dividend on green economic growth;The transformation and upgrade of industrial structures in the prefecture-level cities and non-resource-based cities both showed a positive effect on green economic growth,but the effect of prefecture-level cities as a whole is significantly smaller than that of non-resource cities.In short,the current industrial restructure and upgrade of China still needs to be further promoted in order to exert a structural dividend on green economic growth.(3)There is a strong self-reinforcing mechanism for industrial structure transformation and upgrade.This self-reinforcing mechanism is significant in different resource types.Fourth,this paper introduces the threshold effect while analyzing the crowding out of resource curse,which explains the cause of the inverted U-shaped relationship between the resource-dependent level of resource-based regions and the green economic growth.That is to say,resource-based cities rely on natural resources more than a certain level,resulting in the development of innovation level,industrial structure,and institutional quality transmission variables being significantly lower than the threshold.Natural resources no longer show a "dividend effect" on economic growth,but a "crowding out",making the relationship between natural resources and green economic growth fall on the right side of the inverted U-shaped curve,that is,from "resource blessing" to "resource curse".Fifth,based on relevant empirical research and different stages of resource-based economy development introduced in the "National Resource-Based City Sustainable Development Plan 2013-2020",this paper screens several foreign cases of resource-based regional industrial development in their three corresponding periods:early stage of resource exploitation,middle stage of resource boom,and late stage of resource decline.The paper also summarizes their experience,which is expected to help as reference for resource-based cities in different development stages in China to promote high quality economic growth.Sixth,adhering to the problem-oriented method and based on the empirical research and case analysis,this paper puts forward ten countermeasures in three aspects for how resource-based regions can break the resource curse and achieve high-quality economic development. |
