Innovative Thinking: The Soul Of Scientific Knowledge Increasing

Since the birth of the real science in modern times,scientific knowledge is constantly developing from low to advanced,The scientific knowledge(theory),which is the precursor and the core of innovative thinking,and it plays an important role in guiding the innovation of science and technology and the innovation of practice.It is not only the soul or essence of the growth of scientific knowledge,but also the premise and foundation of scientific and technological innovation and practical innovation.The growth of scientific knowledge and the progress of science and technology can be said that is to be the crystallization of innovative thinking in a certain sense.This article is divided into five parts to explain and discuss the role and value of creative thinking.The first part,introduction,it mainly describes the background of the research on innovative thinking,the research of current situation at home and abroad,ideas,innovation points about innovatie thinking.The second part,first,explained and defined the innovative thinking and its essence,and put forward the essence of innovative thinking in the functional level,structural level and philosophical level,the essence of innovative thinking is innovation,it is transcendence and breakthrough,and it is quantitative change and qualitative change.Explained the occurrence and operation mechanism of innovative thinking thoroughly,that is the unity of subconscious and explicit consciousness,the unity of logic and non logic thinking,the theory of divergent and convergent thinking.Second,systematically interpretated the connotation and classification of knowledge.Knowledge belongs to the category of cognition,and scientific knowledge is the correct cognition and actual reflection,which is based on the degree of objectivity,reliability or rigor of the object of cognition.Knowledge can be divided into a broad sense and a narrow sense.The broad sense of knowledge is considered in the philosophical volume of the Chinese Encyclopedia: “knowledge is the achievement of understanding.It is a reflection of objective reality on the basis of practice and by practice.”And it is the crystallization and summary of the practical experience of human beings.Knowledge in a narrow sense means that“People's understanding of things in their daily life,social activities and scientific research,of which knowledge is a reliable component.According to the depth and systematic degree of the object,knowledge can be divided into the common sense of life and the scientific knowledge.” It expounds and interprets the knowledge view of rationalism and empiricism,innate comprehensive judgment,the principle of confirmation and the standard of meaning of logical empiricism,which in the internal logic dimension of knowledge.The third part,mainly discussed innovative thinking runs through “scientific knowledge increases”all the time.Comprehensivily and systematically discussde and evaluated innovatie thinking in the view of modern western scientific philosopher including Karl Popper's mechanism of falsification and criticism,Thomas Sammual Kuhn's theory of paradigm of revolutions,and Paul Feyeraend theory of multiple methodology,and absorbing the rational thought in the growth of scientific knowledge.Karl Popper innovatively presents the main mechanism for scientific knowledge increasing is to criticize.He analyses the problem of scientific knowledge in the false and critical way,and he believed that there is a potential error in science.The essence of science is not the correctness,but the fallibility in science,and false it through the empirical facts.Thomas Sammual Kuhn thought that it is a progress of scientific revolution that scientific discoveries have caused a crisis in the existing paradigm,thus creating a new paradigm,and then the new paradigms replaced the old paradigms.The old paradigm is constantly replaced by the new paradigm,which means the development of the new scientific knowledge,and it is also means the discovery of new science is constantly emerging.Kuhn's theoretical model of scientific knowledge increasing,or discussed the process of the occurrence of the scientific revolution,is abstracted as development process which is“pre paradigm science”,“normal science”,“scientific revolution”,“new normal science”.Feyerabend's research on the growth of scientific knowledge and the development of science is full of innovative ideas of criticism and diffusion.He believes that the occurrence of science is directly related to practice,and the scientific practice and the historical development of science have determined the methods in the process of scientific research.Because of the complexity of practical activities and the diversity of historical development process,there is no fixed method that can maintain reliability and accuracy in scientific research.He opposed view which insisting on the empiricism and rationalism of the one element methodology,and he put forward the principle of multiple methodology.Analysing and interpreting the theory of scientific philosopher Popper to Kuhn and Feyerabend's,we can see that their "scientific knowledge growth" is full of innovative thinking and strong creativity.The fourth part,Taking the three major theoretical breakthroughs of physics in natural science as an example,it is demonstrated that innovative thinking is the motive force of major theoretical breakthroughs in Physics.It is mainly discussed from three aspects: the transcendence of Einstein's view of time and space on the absolute time of Newton;The breakthrough of the concept of classical mechanics in quantum mechanics;Cosmology is the unification of the basic theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.Firstly,this paper discusses the breakthrough of Einstein's relativistic space-time view on the absolute space-time view of Newtonian mechanics.Newton emphasized that space is infinite and flat,consistent with the spatial nature of Euclidean geometry.Therefore,the absolute space-time concept described by Newtonian mechanics can be explained by Euclidean geometry,which is a three-dimensional and infinite space.Special and general relativity,Einstein demonstrated the flexible space,the space is not the only,straight to the state of the existence,and his relative time-space theory realized the transcendence of Newton's absolute space-time theory.Secondly,it discusses the creative development of the field of microcosmic physics of quantum mechanics in the field of Newtonian macroscopic physics.Newton's classical mechanics,which had been considered the basis of physics before Einstein's theory of relativity,was the correct explanation for the movement of objects in the macroscopic world.However,when people's understanding activity is no longer limited to the macroscopic world,instead of micro world,people are trying to use Newton's classical mechanics description of microscopic particles,can be used as a Newtonian mechanics theory describe the macroscopic object is unable to fully and accurately described the microscopic particle movement,scientists also try to do the quantized into the category of classical mechanics,the results are not ideal.Therefore,the creation of a new mechanics,the accurate description of the particle movement in the micro world becomes the inevitable result of the scientific development path,thus the quantum mechanics is founded.Thirdly,this paper discusses the creative exploration of the great unification of Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum mechanics with the most cutting-edge cosmology of contemporary physics.With the deep understanding of the universe,a series of cosmological theories have emerged,among which the black hole theory proposed by hawking is the most representative.Hawking's black hole theory accurately explain the existence of black holes,and the development related to nature,the most important is that he combined the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics,the seemingly always in the conflict of the two basic theory,the combination of pioneer and creatively explored a road of unity of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.The fifth part,demonstrated the theoretical value and practical value of innovative thinking that to the growth of scientific knowledge,scientific and technological progress and social development.First,put forward that innovative thinking is the premise of scientific knowledge and motivation,it is the progress that theoretic technology achievements is usually to go through from putting questions,establishing scientific problems and solving scientific problems to formate the process of scientific theoretical achievements.In this process,innovative thinking is at the core and plays a leading role.Secondly,this paper puts forward that scientific knowledge to guide practical innovation and advance the progress of science and technology,and it is become the core force of social development.It is an organic chain which is from innovative thinking,the growth of scientific knowledge,Progress of science and technology to social development,innovative thinking is the cause of the original motive,motive force and core strength in the organic chain.