| At present,island has been the most popular tourist destination.And the island tourism is an important part of the global tourism industry.It also becomes an important driving force to promote the development of the world tourism industry.With all island-type tourist destinations,the tropical islands have the strongest attraction for the tourist.The development of island tourism,has become an important means to seize the tourism market.Hainan,being the only tropical island of China,its tourism product is variety and it has great potential for development.However,because Hainan Island' tourism has developed late and the foundation was weak,here still exists a big gap between Hainan Island and other famous international tourism.There are many problems in the development of Hainan island tourism,such as the lower metaphor international influence,the unclear regional division of labor,homogenization of tourism products and many other issues,all of these problems have affected the construction of Hainan international tourism island sustained and healthy development.Therefore,Hainan Island is found to be a typical island of "large-scale,dependent,multi-industry,multi-center" type through a comprehensive comparison with the development of 180 major islands and 50 major peninsulas.The problems of the development of Hainan Island are particularity and typicality.Doing this research will help to solve the problems existing in the development of tourism in Hainan,to serve the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island,and to expand the theory of island tourism development.Also it can provide theoretical support and exploration for similar Island tourism space synergetic development.For this purpose,this paper intends to in-depth analyze the characteristics and laws of Hainan tourism evolution both in time and space,and then found the development problems,the main factors and driving mechanism of Hainan tourism,Based on the evaluation of spatial tourism development competitiveness of cities and counties in Hainan,this paper analyzes the spatial coordination degree and obstacle factor diagnosis of tourism development in the province,and then formulates the collaborative development strategy of tourism in the whole province,and offers decision basis about the policy of collaborative development strategy of tourism and investment direction guidance in Hainan Province.The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,starting from the foundation of Hainan province,the paper analyzes the time series analysis of tourism development in Hainan Province,using the three indicators about the number of tourist reception,tourism revenue and international tourists,to find the characteristics of tourism development in Hainan Province characteristics and rules.The results show that from the beginning of the year in 1987,Hainan decided to build a province and set up China's largest special economic zones,Hainan Province tourism began to flourish,but the first decade showed unconventional growth,and by the influence of international and domestic situation,tourism development was fluctuating,the development law is not obvious at that time.After 1996,Hainan Province tourism into a stable stage of development,and in 2004,2009,2014 and other years there have been significant changes in the inflection point.From the evolution of the spatial pattern of view,in some major indicators such as the distribution of tourists,tourism revenue,international tourists,star tourist attractions and star hotel construction and so on,Hainan tourism development have experienced a situation about the dominance of Haikou and the Sanya's development gradually surpass Haikou,And then to the Haikou-Qionghai-Wanning-Sanya linear extension,and gradually developed to Haikou,Sanya,Wanning,Qionghai,Lingshui,Baoting,Danzhou and other cities in full swing,at last it completes the evolution from point to line to surface radiation.However,from the perspective of spatial differences,the tourism development in Hainan Province has an obvious dual-core characteristics.The core of Haikou and Sanya in various tourism development indicators is having the absolute superiority.And the tourism development of other cities and counties is lagging behind,and the regional gap is obvious.From the change tendency of traveling center of gravity,the Hainan Province center gravity of the tourist and the center gravity of traveling expense has a certain uniformity in the space and the motion path,but it also has the remarkable difference.The first one is the center gravity of reception and the center gravity of traveling expense of Hainan Province travels all throughout occupies the Hainan Province geography geometry center slightly easterly position,also presents the evolution situation which moves to the south year by year,states the entire province traveling development is imbalanced in the space,in which the east is better than the west,and the south is more attractive than the north;The second one,the core of tourism reception and the core of tourism consumption in Hainan province always do not overlap,indicating that the development quality difference of province's tourism is significant,also in some areas based on the tourism shows the situation which the economy not to grow as the population in the increase,input and output are not proportional,all of these to further expand the regional development Imbalance.Second,for judging evaluation of tourism development the level of spatial competitiveness,spatial coordination and barriers to factors in Hainan Province scientifically,this paper constructs six primary indicators such as the connotation of tourism resources,the level of social and economic development,the level of basic service facilities,the intensive use level of land and environment,the current situation of tourism development,the level of tourism development,Tourism growth potential,including the 15 secondary indicators and 38 three indicators of the evaluation system.The results show that from the city and county tourism development competitiveness level,Sanya City and Haikou City are much higher than the other county,Wanning City,Wenchang City,Qionghai City and Danzhou City in the second level,Lingshi county,Baoting County,Ledong County in the third level,and other tourism development level of competitiveness is low.Each city and county traveling development competitive power is consistent with the present situation traveling level of development is basic maintenance,but also has the obvious difference,some cities shows that the traveling development competitive power is higher than the traveling present situation level of development such as the Wenchang city,Danzhou city,Baoting County and the Ledong county,and the Wenchang and Danzhou city have higher Resources endowment,they are belongs to the city county which the model tourist resources superiority are not fully displays yet,also the Wenchang depends on the its rocket launching base and construction of astronautics subject park,so the traveling development potential infinite.Danzhou City where in the western core position,belonging to the western region of the core city,the social economy is developed,the historical and cultural tourism resources are rich,the traveling driving influence and the growth potential are high;Banting County and Ledong County are in the tropical zone,they have higher climate and environmental quality and good resources conditions,Also these two cities belong to the southern group of Sanya,driven by strong radiation of Sanya City,they are also have a greater growth potential.From the province's tourism development space coupling coordination relationship,Sanya City,which has the highest coordination,always in a good state,the development level of indicators are at a high level;Haikou City,a higher level of social and economic development,basic service facilities relatively complete,but the resource endowment Conditions are not high,intensive use level of space and land is not enough,the level of development of the indicators are not balanced,the overall state in the primary coordination;Wanning City,Qionghai City,Wenchang City,Danzhou City and Lingshui County are in a reluctantly coordinated or near the stage of coordination,these cities have higher resource endowments,but the level of social economic development is lagging behind,the basic service facilities is not enough,the level of land use is low,and the land use efficiency is low,all of these disadvantage which restricts the development of tourism to a certain extent.The development level of other cities is low,and the same as to the coordination degree of tourism development.From the spatial coordination barrier factors,the number and grade of starred hotels,the accommodation reception capacity,the market influence,the number and grade of scenic spots which above Grade A,the fixed asset investment,the aviation convenience,the tourist land area,the urbanization level,the urban and the rural residents disposable income,grade mileage and other indicators have greater effectsThird,to construct an international tourism island,we must have an international perspective,choose the typical cases which have the same condition,a stronger comparison and higher level of tourism development,they can provide a reference for Hainan.This article through the concept of definition,screening the typical cases from 180 islands and 50 typical peninsula in the world,and then the article proves that there exist 8 islands and 4 Peninsulas have the same characteristic with Hainan Island which are the "large-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" tropical island,these 8 islands are the Java Island,Luzon Island,Sumatra Island,Taiwan Island,Mindanao Island,Sulawesi Island,Sicily Island,Shikoku Island and the other 4 Peninsulas such as the Florida Peninsula,the California Peninsula,the Crimean Peninsula and the Peloponnese Peninsula,a total of 12 Similar typical cases,and through a comprehensive comparison,the article ultimately locked the Florida tourism development of the most successful typical case.Hainan Province and Florida have some similarities in the geographical location,climate environment,the source market,the city structure,regional industrial layout,tourism development track and many other aspects,some difficulties which Hainan Province currently faced is the same as Florida,But Florida has explored a very successful path of development,from a corner of the backward agricultural areas has become the world's most popular tourism destination tourism.Florida tourism in the development of space technology driven,the theme park construction,regional division of labor,transportation network construction and the concept of sustainable development are worth learning for Hainan Province.Fourth,if Hainan Province want to carry out global tourism and regional synergistic development,it will develop the province's tourism in accordance with a concept of "province as a city to operate",and to stand in the overall height,unified planning province tourism resources,clear Functional zoning and product positioning,and to achieve resource sharing,complementary products,as well as exchanging needed goods.First of all,in the regional cooperation,we should give full play to the role of regional core city radiation,make a the formation of Haikou City as the center of northern group,Sanya City as the center of southern group,Qionghai City as the center of eastern group,Danzhou City as the center of western group,and Wuzhishan city as the center of the central group,each group with lead of the core city as a whole to achieve complementary resources,and share their advantages.Second,in the industrial division of labor,each group will combine their own advantages in resources,the development of special tourism products,in order to avoid similar products and duplication.In the north area it main push the features of commerce exhibition and entertainment,the southern main have the features of leisure and high-end tourism,the eastern emphasis on the feature of health and rural leisure,the western develops the features of industrial tourism and business services,the central focus on the features of development of ecological rain forest adventure and folk culture tourism,all of these make up a development pattern which the regional division of labor is clear,the product has its own characteristics,and the advantages are complementary.Finally,we must do a good job of transporting promotion,information sharing and some other key elements of the upgrade,get rid of obstacles to regional coordinated development of space barriers in order to reduce the time and cost of tourists.It finally formed a formation which the province's regional tourism resources integration,the products complements each other,and finally can make a coordinated development of common prosperity. |
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