Environmental Regulation?technical Innovation And Employment

Since China's reform and opening up, China obtained the rapid development of economy, has become the world's second largest economy, but the resulting environmental problems are increasingly serious, environmental pollution in some cities in China intensified, has severely affected people's normal life and economic development. Economy under the background of the new normal, downward pressure, a new flexible index has become the important indicators of China's economy. How to steady growth, jobs, reduced energy consumption, has become the central focus. Before and after the Copenhagen conference in 2009, in order to reduce energy consumption, environmental pollution prevention and control, China implements the strict environmental regulation. However, the implementation of environmental regulation and its strength is intensified, will inevitably impact on economic and social benefit. To actively explore the ecological- economic- coordinated the livelihood of the people's sustainable development path, we must do is make to improve environmental conditions, and the consideration to the economic development and the well-being of the target. Technology innovation is the source of economic development, employment is the basis of people's livelihood, is both an important part of multidimensional political goals. So the environmental regulation, technology innovation, labor and employment relationship directly and the influence is very important.The influence of environmental regulation on technical innovation is "restricted" or "promote" ? The constraints hypothesis that environmental regulation intensity has increased, forcing enterprises have to invest more resources, pollution, thus crowding r&d spending. While the porter hypothesis that environmental regulation can "reversed transmission" enterprise technology innovation, so as to obtain a competitive advantage. The uncertainty hypothesis is that environmental regulation did not significantly affect the technological innovation. The above theory, practice experience but also appeared a variety of situations, the enterprise in the face of environmental regulation of environmental behavior is often inconsistent. The reason may be that companies faced by external and internal conditions, resulting in environmental behavior as the "heterogeneity". Among them, the financing is an important factor to improve enterprise environmental behavior, has indirect influence on the sustainable development of environment, the money will affect corporate environmental strategy. The executive incentive as one of the important measures, corporate governance can also directly affect the enterprise's technological innovation decision-making. The two most likely affect the applicability condition of the establishment of the hypothesis. So we are examining the constraints hypothesis and the applicability of the "porter hypothesis" the problem, enterprise's "heterogeneity" should be considered.The influence of environmental regulation on labor and employment is "less" or "increase" ? "Classical economics" that environmental regulation intensity increase makes the rising costs of enterprises, in order to cut costs, enterprises have to job cuts, many of the employment and unemployment. And the double dividend hypothesis that environmental regulation the negative impact on employment, but will eventually create jobs. These theories have appeared in the opposite results, in the practice of the influence of environmental regulation on labor and employment have appeared in the "heterogeneity", some industry characterized by increased employment, some industries are characterized by reducing employment. The reasons may be various industries have a very strong "heterogeneity" and "dynamic", it has a great influence to the employment absorption capacity, so the effect of environmental regulation on labor and employment of inconsistent would happen in various industries.Environmental regulation, technology innovation and labor employment is an important component of the multidimensional political objectives under our government, exploring how to harmonize the ecological, economic, people's livelihood on the road of sustainable development, efforts to achieve "win-win-win", has the vital significance to the development of our country's economy. The influence of environmental regulation on technical innovation exists "restriction" and "promote" two kinds of effects, technology innovation's influence on employment also has always been a hot topic in the academic debate. So what's a relationship between the three? There is how to affect the mechanism? Research on this topic to guide us to explore the sustainable harmonious development plays an important role.For in-depth discussion on these problems, based on the theoretical analysis, using mathematical method, first of all, build environment influence enterprise technology innovation of regulation theory model, and analyze the financing constraints and regulation of executive incentive. Secondly construct the theoretical model of environmental regulation on labor and employment, is the introduction of industry under the premise of characteristic parameters, analysis of environmental regulation "heterogeneity" impact on the employment situation. Finally discusses environmental regulation, technical innovation and the relationship between the labor and employment, analysis of the technological innovation in the mediation role of environmental regulation effect on employment. On this basis, this article selects the heavy pollution industry listed companies in China, three industry divisions and industrial industry data, the panel data of 30 provinces in China, using OLS, dynamic panels, a variety of static panel method empirically the effects of environmental regulation on technical innovation and employment, and explores the technology innovation in environmental regulation of the mediation effect on employment. The results show that:(1)For environmental regulation effect on technological innovation, in the theoretical analysis, this paper USES mathematical methods to the enterprise in the absence of environmental regulation and environmental regulation of enterprise technology innovation investment how much. At the same time, this article USES the mathematical method to analyze the model assumptions, reveals that the financing constraints and executive incentive environmental regulation is the important influence to the relationship of technological innovation. To verify the theory is reasonable, we selected 2009-2013 data of listed companies as samples of heavy pollution industry in China, explores the financing constraints and executive incentive environmental regulation on the relationship between the enterprise technology innovation. The empirical results show that: first, the influence of environmental regulation on enterprise technology innovation presents the diversification, "positive role", "negative effect" and "irrelevant" three conditions, that is to say the constraints hypothesis in practical experience, "porter hypothesis" and "uncertainty hypothesis". Second, financing constraints and executive incentive in environmental regulation play a regulatory role in technology innovation of enterprises. Third, in the state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, environmental regulation, financing constraints, and the role of executive incentive situation is not the same.(2)To explore the influence of environmental regulation on labor and employment mechanism and relationship. First of all, this article from the perspective of the theory to study the effect of environmental regulation on labor and employment and its mechanism are analyzed, and found that the influence of environmental regulation on labor and employment is not present a simple linear relationship. But there are significant “U” type relationship, inverted “U” type and influence was not significant; For hypothesis testing theory is reasonable, this article selects the China China's 30 provinces in 2006-2012 three industries and industrial classification under 17 the panel data of the industry, to explore the effects of environmental regulation on labor and employment. The empirical results show that in 17 industries, respectively different intensity of environmental regulation on the impact of the regional industry employment is not the same. Environmental regulation of first industry industry employment presents significant inverted “U” shaped relationship; Environmental regulation of the second industry and the employment present a significant part of the third industry industry “U” shaped relationship; Environmental regulation for part of the tertiary industry industry no significant impact on employment. The above results that illustrate the impact of environmental regulation on labor and employment is not only significant relations of “U” type, “U” type of relationship and influence was not significant, and there is difference of the industry.(3)In order to study the environmental regulation, the relationship between technology innovation and employment. In this paper, from the Angle of theory to study the effect of technology innovation of labor employment includes compensation effect and damage effect two aspects, the comprehensive influence results of labor employment and technological innovation is the outcome of combined action of two together, there is "relevant" and "negative" two aspects. Found the technical innovation in environmental regulation's impact on employment transfer effect plays an intermediary role, mode of transfer function is divided into four kinds of circumstances. Is adopted in this paper, to test the hypothesis whether set up China's 30 provinces in 2005-2011 provincial panel data to empirically. The empirical results show that the strength of technology innovation in environmental regulation impact on employment in really play the role of a mediation effect, and effect way for a third. Through the analysis, we found that the intermediary effect of technology innovation is the partial mediation effect rather than a complete mediation effect.Finally, the conclusions are summarized in this paper, the full text research, and puts forward on environment to realize the high mountains according to the research conclusion and policy Suggestions to promote the technical innovation and employment. In addition, the article also analyzes the shortcomings in the course of this study, and on the basis of the direction of further research for the future puts forward his own opinions.