A Quantitative Study On The Gap Of Compulsory Education

The balanced development of compulsory education is the cornerstone of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,and the basis for the promotion of China’s comprehensive national strength.Its basic function is to cultivate all the necessary talents for the country to develop,enhance people’s sense of happiness,and ultimately serve the community to improve people’s livelihood.At present,there are many outstanding problems on the compulsory education of our country,such as the regional inequality,the urban-rural gap,the interprovincial differentiation,and the interschool gap,which gets much public attention and becomes important social problem.Although in recent years the state has constantly increased the basic investment in compulsory education,the various problems we mentioned before still exist due to the long-term dual social structure of urban and rural,economic development gap and other reasons.The existence of the gaps not only restricts the improvement of the education environment and quality,but also goes against the economic and social sustainability.Only by accurately and rationally quantifying the various gaps and analyzing the causes of the gaps can we make feasible policies to narrow the gaps of compulsory education,and then we can accelerate the balanced development of compulsory education.Based on the predecessors’ research,this paper will analyze the gaps of compulsory education from the following aspects:1,On the viewpoint of statistical analysis,we quantify the interprovincial and regional gaps,then analyze the trend of disparity by the comprehensive use of the Gini coefficient on education,Verstegen index,Theil index,Range and other methods,with the students’ average budgetary education expenditure as the main indicator.First of all,we present the basic situation of interprovincial gap and regional disparity by statistic description,and then quantify the gaps from different viewpoints.The results show that the range of students’ average budgetary education expenditure between provinces is growing,but the Gini coefficient is decreasing.The gap is still large for the provinces whose parameter is greater than the medium,but for those whose parameter is less than the medium,the gap is declining.Overall,the interprovincial gap seems comparatively large.For the region disparities in the students’ average budgetary education expenditure,the eastern area is higher than western area.The gap within the eastern region is comparatively large,while the gap within the western region is comparatively small.Following the Theil index analysis,the gap in the group is larger than the gap between groups.Secondly,reference to the idea of the absolute ? convergence,we analyze the convergence of the students’ average expenditure by using the quiescent model and the spatial dynamic panel data model.Also we analyze the trends of the interprovincial gap and the regional gap.The results show that there is no convergence for the students’ average budgetary education expenditure between the provinces,and the gap between different provinces will grow even greater.The results also show that there is no convergence in the west and medium area,the gap between different areas will also become greater.But for the eastern area,the expenditure shows convergence,and the gap will decrease over time with smaller speed.2,In this paper,the evaluation index system of the gap between urban and rural compulsory education is constructed from four aspects: teachers force,teaching equipment per student,hardware facilities and the average amount of public funds per student.The gap between urban and rural areas is analyzed by using the method of standardize rate.The conclusion is: Overall,the gap between urban and rural areas in provinces is decreasing.In each sub-evaluation index,there are large gaps for the full-time teachers per student between urban and rural areas,and the gap for the average non-compliance area between urban and rural areas is also very large.Secondly,we construct the evaluation index system to quantity the gap between schools,propose the ideal value method to quantify the interschool gap in different schools in a same country.The proposed method not only solves the problem of horizontal comparison of interschool gap,but also solves the problem of vertical comparison of interschool gap.Based on the researching data,we then quantify the gap in different schools of a certain county which does not meet the balanced development of compulsory education.The result shows that the interschool gap is comparatively large in a county.The government should supply funds according to the disparity to ideal value by certain school or index.The funding amount should equal the value how much they lack for ideal value,so that we can solve the problem of precise support on compulsory education.3,This paper comprehensively evaluates the influence factors of the students’ average budgetary education expenditure.We select the proportion of the primary education expenditure to total fiscal expenditure,the number of primary school students’ and the per capita income as evaluation index,taking functional principal component analysis method to carry out the evaluation.For the top-ranking provinces,it suggests that these provinces have strong comprehensive investment capacity in students’ average budgetary education expenditure,and the expenditures relatively seem higher.In comparison,for the low-ranking provinces,the ability of expenditure investment is relatively low.The result shows that,for the most provinces,the ranking of expenditure is matched with the objective evaluation system,and it is feasible to use this method to analyze the comprehensive investment ability.But also there are individual provinces whose ranking results are not matched.For this satiation,we select these provinces,solve the first derivative of the indicators to discuss the growth rate,analyze the reason why the comprehensive ranking and expenditure ranking do not match.We use this method to provide data support for the improvement of the expenditure investment in different provinces.4 Studying the effect of fiscal decentralization on the average expenditure with the GWTR,which choose fiscal decentralization as indicator,and select government competition、urbanization as control variables.Then we get the conclusion that fiscal decentralization plays various roles in the effect of average expenditure with different provinces and different years.All provinces show positive correlation in certain years,which shows that fiscal decentralization promotes the balanced development of compulsory education,while in some years,the results show the negative correlation,which means that fiscal decentralization suppresses the balanced development of compulsory education.So the effect of fiscal decentralization for compulsory education cannot be concluded in general on promotion or suppress,it is also affected by the performance assessment system of the local government.