Study On The Development Process Of The Higher Physical Education In Modern China

It is a very important stage in Chinese higher physical education process during modern times.With the establishment of the modern educational system and the popularization of the school physical education,it came to the first demand for physical education teachers and higher physical education in modern China sprout.With the social transformation,the introduction of modern western sports and the development of higher education system,higher physical education in modern China gradually got relatively mature which became parts of higher physical education after the establishment of People's Republic of China and provided a historical reference for the contemporary development of Chinese higher physical education.Through the methods of documentary,history and interview,this paper researched on the higher physical education development process in modern China.The higher physical education in modern China has experienced four stages.The embryonic stage of higher physical education in modern China is 1840-1912.In this stage,its features included multiple education force,the strength of running multiple fuzzy education level,teachers and curriculums imitating Japan and students having dual missions,etc.Historical significance lies in having played an important role in transforming the social traditions,cultivating the revolutionary forces,spreading the revolutionary thoughts,etc.The exploring stage of higher physical education in modern China is 1912-1927.In this stage,its features included that higher physical education increased in the number and type,educational missions added which emphasized on but not limited to cultivating teachers,the curriculum changed from the military training to academic and skills,school conditions were shabby,management disordered and quality was uneven,etc.Historical significance lies in having changed the concept of sports and cultivated the earliest sports talents,etc.The mature stage of higher physical education in modern China is 1927-1937.In this stage the most outstanding feature is the higher physical education structure and operation mechanism is relatively mature,and the experts of higher physical education played an important role in the national sports construction.The hard stage of higher physical education in modern China is 1937-1949.In this stage,according to the education policy of "trait the wartime as usual” in KMT Ruling Area,higher physical education areas expanded in scale and improved in quality.Its main mission is to cultivate the needed sports teachers.According to the principle of "all serve for the Anti-Japanese War" in the base areas,higher physical education is to cultivate sports managers and combined normal education with the real conditions which played an important role in the construction during Anti-Japanese War and helping the school physical education development in underdeveloped regions.The characteristics of the development of higher physical education in modern China include: the main line of the higher physical education principle was to cultivate qualified teachers,course structure changed from single to multiple,overseas students made outstanding contribution,graduates were few and excellent.Political changes and policy directions were the outside motive force.The development of the physical education subject itself was the internal motive force.The experience of the development of the higher physical education in modern China includes: learning the advanced experience of foreign countries as the path,using strict examination and training system to ensure quality;putting the principle to promote the overall development of human beings as objective purposes.The lessons of the development of the higher physical education in modern China include: the neglect of integration and innovation had influenced the vitality of higher physical education in modern China,the lack of school funding had prevented the variety of higher physical education in modern China;the backwardness of sports awareness had restricted the higher physical education scale in Modern China.