| The purpose of this paper is aimed at through the practice of 2012 London Olympic Games and 2016 Rio Olympics,to comb the present situation of special physical training about elite Chinese fencing athletes,build out the special physical training pattern and find out the effective ways and methods of the special physical training in elite fencing athletes,ultimately improve theirs specific physical ability.In this paper,the author uses the methods of literature,questionnaire,expert interview,Delphi,test,empirical research,case analysis,mathematical statistics and other comprehensive research methods to carry on the research of special physical pattern about elite Chinese fencing athletes,draw the following conclusions:1.The winning factor of the fencing is based on "accurate" as the core,"active" and "first" as the premise,emphasizing the "fast" of action and "control" of situation.The game based on anaerobic power and supplemented by aerobic capacity".The main development ability of the fencing is the power,displacement speed,coordination,reaction speed,action speed.The main development area is the core area,small muscle groups,quadriceps,biceps femoris,wrist and fingers.Special physical training should strengthen the proportion of individual physical training,emphasizing the role of preparation and end part,and put injury prevention on a more important position.2.The building of pattern in special physical training based on the theory of system,cybernetics,sports training,rehabilitation medicine,follow the principle of competitive ability first,combined with the special,individual needs,enhance the efficiency,training results timely feedback,action design in line with human functional characteristics.The physical training pattern of the elite fencing athletes is supported by special characteristics and physical training positioning,the index diagnosis,initial evaluation,pattern construction,practical operation and results assessment as the main part,the feedback adjustment as the core,the athletic ability improve as the goal,in order to summed up a certain logical clue and relatively stable reference style of problem solution in training practice ".3.The diagnostic indexes of elite fencing athletes’ special physical fitness in China include the basic indexes(age,height,weight,body composition),fitness indicators(core class,speed class,strength class,endurance class,special class),body functional index(FMS,YBT),cognitive functional indicators(simple response,attention)and injury indicators(shoulder,waist,knee,ankle,wrist).Through the analysis of the initial diagnosis,it is found that Chinese elite fencing athletes overall performance is poor in the hip joint and the stability of the core area is weak.The main parts of the injury are knee and waist.There were significant differences between the FMS scores of the injured athletes and the non-injured athletes.FMS,YBT binding can effectively predict the injury;FMS and cognitive function in the simple response time and attention has a significant negative correlation.4.In Chinese elite fencing athletes’ special physical team training,training program design is based on competition characteristics,special features and competitive needs,in order to improve the "long board" in competitive elements.The "long board" is based on fitness,physical training as the basis,enhance the functional ability to supplement,technical expertise as the goal.5.In Chinese elite fencing athletes’ special physical individual training,training program design from the body function,general physical fitness and special physical fitness.The three layers are progressive,in order to supple the “short board” in competitive elements.The "short board" use the lack of fitness as a breakthrough,functional improvement as a way,physical strengthening for the protection,and technology promotion as the focus.6.Injury athletes’ special physical training design from the treatment of injuries,improve joint function,reduce muscle strength gap,increase nerve control of the muscles,The four layers are progressive,in order to keep "low loss" in game.The "low loss" to chronic injury as a point,rehabilitation therapy for the channel,functional training as a means to restore the purpose of regeneration. |
