| 1904-1937 is the period that the music education of primary and secondary schools in modern Shanghai began its initial development to the basic maturity.During this period,the music education in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai has made great development in aspects of curriculum,teaching methods,teaching materials,music organizations and music activities.1904-1919 is the primary stage of music education in primary and secondary schools in modern Shanghai.Under the effects of music education from Europe and Japan,the schools music education in Shanghai in this period experienced a course from imitation to localization in aspects of curriculum,teaching method and teaching material making;the music organizations of Choir and orchestra in missionary schools provided the model for the construction of music organization and music activities in Shanghai’s local schools.After the 1919,under the dual impetus of the nationalist movement and the urbanization of Shanghai,the music education in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai showed the characteristics of diversified development.In textbook publishing,Shanghai publishing company joined the ranks of music textbooks publishing.After then,Shanghai became the music textbooks publishing centre of China;in music organization,under the promotion of nationalism,the Chinese orchestra and the harmonica team developed rapidly in Shanghai’s local primary and middle schools;in music activities,with the students achieving a part of discourse right in the student movement,they actively participated into the activities of constructing music activities in campuses,which thus changed the form of music activities in schools and opened a road for the city culture to enter the campus.In 1927,the national government led by Jiang Jieshi governed Shanghai.The music education controlling and constructing in schools were strengthened by the government.In the curriculum,the official constructed a management and censorship institution of textbooks and teaching hours;in music activities,through a variety of ways of official party education and students’autonomous management,the official promoted the development of ritual activitiesin primary and secondary schools in Shanghai.In these ritual activities,music played the important ritual function,which made the schools music activities after 1927 showing the characteristics of extensive ritual.In the development of music education in Shanghai in the modern times,the students,educators and officials are the three main forces to promote the construction of music education.In aspect of students,they actively participated into the construction of schools music organization and activities,which promoted the development of music nationality and entertainment in Shanghai’s primary and secondary school;in aspect of educators,the Shanghai’s music educators was the main force that promoted the development of school’s music curriculum,teaching method theory and teaching material making.After 1927,they were absorbed by the official organization gradually and participated into the systematization and institutionalization of the school’s music education;from the aspect of official,after 1927,the official strengthened the management and control of music education in primary and middle schools.On the one hand,it was good for the promoting of the music curriculum and teaching standards in Shanghai’s primary and middle schools;on the other hand,it also promoted the official ideology education by the construction of the school ritual music activities.In some extends,The construction of music education in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai during the period of 1904-1937 reflects the development of music education in the middle and primary schools in modern China.The study of the internal process of the development of Shanghai’s school music education in this period could also provide us with a better perspective of observation to understand the current reality of Chinese school music education. |
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