| Employment is vital to people’s livelihood. Since China has already entered the phase of mass higher education, the employment problems of the college students, which are attracting much attention from all ranks of the society, have become increasingly severe. Employment is a complicated issue. The essence of this complication arises from the various kinds of structural contradictions between the supply and demand of qualified personnel. In particular, the personnel training models adopted by the higher educational institutions are, to some extent, disconnected from the social demand. This type of disconnection has become a bottleneck, which is restricting the college graduates’ employment.The traditional personnel training models adopted by the Chinese higher educational system have not been fully adapted to the demand of the labor market. Under the background of knowledge economy, more and more high-quality personnel with versatile abilities are needed to come along with the social and economic progress of our country. Therefore, a major task of the present-day personnel training model in the Chinese higher educational system lies in breaking through the limitations of the established educational models, by which high-quality personnel with versatile abilities will be hopefully cultivated.It is of practical significance to study the reform of personnel training model in the Chinese higher educational system from the point of view of employment. Higher education not only serves as a carrier of cultivating talents but also functions as a benchmark of social cultural development. An urgent task of higher education is to cultivate the personnel needed by the society, which plays an essential part in building our country into a strong nation. With the development of the times, the individual functions of the educated require constant change and upgrading, tending towards spiritual needs. In this case, demand of talents by the society increases rapidly, with the talents with versatile abilities in urgent need. However, with a view to giving higher education the full play of stabilizing society and constructing a better future society, we have to reform the personnel training model from the point of view of employment in order to keep the pace of social development.In the era of knowledge economy, human resources have become the first resources in a knowledge-based economic society. The cultivation and improvement of human resources, which play a pivotal role in supporting the sustainable development of social economy, will surely promote a new round of growth of social wealth. As the major body of human resources development, higher educational institutions shoulder an irreplaceable responsibility of cultivating the human resources needed by the society. Human resources are dynamic and time-sensitive, reminding us of their timely development and utilization stead of being wasted. As an important part of potential human resources, college students are endowed with special characteristics because their development and latent values are distinct from other ordinary kinds of human resources. The college students stay in the form of human resources reserves. Reasonable exploitation and utilization of this special part of human resources will do much good to the social economic development. Nowadays, the college students have much difficulty in finding a job while companies find it hard to hire an adequate employee. Under the circumstances, it is imperative to reform the personnel training models adopted by the higher educational institutions in China now.Theory of career is concerned with each individual’s growth and value. Career occupies an important part in the life. Therefore, in order to realize personal values and live a happy life, a good career planning has become a necessity. What’s more, higher education plays a very important part in planning a person’s career. For this reason, a personnel training model utilized by a higher educational institution is intimately correlated with establishing correct employment views and making scientific career plans. At the turn of the century, the expansion of the Chinese higher education is so swift that it has already entered the phase of mass higher education. The swift expansion aims to meet the demand of the rapid development of high-tech economy and the public need for higher education. As is known to all, it is indispensible that higher education should make a contribution to economic construction and development. Besides, personnel training models are closely related with college students’employment. Therefore, it is rational to reform personnel training model from the point of view of employment.Influenced by the planned economic system and the extensive economic model, the personnel training models adopted by the Chinese higher educational institutions have been suffering from many drawbacks in terms of personnel training objectives and orientation. The Chinese higher education is overambitious. That is to say, most of the Chinese higher educational institutions expanded their scales blindly by way of merging and increasing enrollment. Vocational education is neglected. All kinds of teaching programs are offered regardless of their schooling conditions and facilities, which will inevitably bring about a disconnection between personnel training objective and employment. With the development of marketing economy, higher education should also be market-oriented. First of all, the cost of higher education has shifted from the government to the educated. Secondly, the jobs of the graduates are no longer arranged by the government. Employment is totally determined by the job market. The perfection of job market has resulted in a huge change in terms of personnel demand. However, the personnel training models adopted by the higher educational institutions failed to keep the pace of labor market. Evidently, practice teaching, which develops vocational capability, has not been sufficiently carried out. Theory teaching has always been paid much more attention to than practice teaching. What’s more, more outside-school practice bases should be built to improve the students’practice abilities.By comparing and analyzing the different kinds of personnel training models utilized by the higher educational institutions both at home and abroad, the present dissertation manages to find out the deep root of the structural contradictions existing in the college and university graduates’ employment system. Firstly, the combination between general education and vocational education, which is not tight enough, results in unclear training objectives and mismatches with the need of the society. Secondly, inflexible training programs lead to narrow professional settings. Thirdly, priority to theory and minor attention to practice bring about low employment ability. Fourthly, the value orientation of the personnel training models in the higher educational institutions does not match with the demand of the social economic development. Lastly, the standard of the division of major is different from that of the division of vocation. The structure of major based on discipline division is distinct from the vocational structure based on the social division of labor.Under the background of mass higher education, it is particularly important for us to construct an employment-oriented personnel training model in the Chinese higher educational institutions to address the structural contradictions mentioned above. As a matter of fact, constructing an employment-oriented training model is a systematic project. For this purpose, the present dissertation puts forward the following opinions. First of all, we should not only reshape the educational philosophy of employment-oriented personnel training model but also transform elite personnel training model into mass personnel training model. Secondly, a mechanism reform should be carried out towards the personnel training models used by the Chinese higher educational institutions. During the process of the mechanism reform, we need to establish the employment-oriented personnel training objectives, training strategies, training content and the relevant principles according to the needs of the job market. Based on the internal factors of the higher educational institutions, an internal building model for constructing personnel training model from the perspective of employment is also presented in the present dissertation. Structuring the internal building model lies in reshaping the notions, objectives and principles of personnel training model as well as reforming its contents. Special attention should be paid to the adjustment of professional setting and the reform of modular curriculum. As is known to all, curriculum is the core of personnel training model reform. Therefore, empirical research is conducted to test the feasibility of modular curriculum. What’s more, an evaluation system, according to which a training model can be measured and adjusted, should also be set up.To speed up the reform of personnel training model on a large scale in the Chinese higher educational institutions, we need not only follow the law of educational development, but also update the idea of talent cultivation. We need also strengthen legal awareness as well as build up a self supervision mechanism. In the meantime, active cooperation from both the government and the society is required for the higher educational institutions to maintain society ontology and autonomy in education. Besides, public opinion should be guided to play an active role in accelerating the reform. It is only in this way that the employment-oriented personnel training model can be effectively established in the long run. In the final analysis, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical study, some tentative conclusions are made and some suggestions are put forward for policy-making and further research. What’s more, by way of integrating theory with practice, the present research tries to formulate a personnel training model which can best suit the Chinese higher educational institutions. |
PDF Full Text Request