Russian Nuclear Energy Development Strategy Research

Energy is the important material basis of human society's survival and development.It's also crucial to the national economy,people's livelihood and national strategic competitiveness.As a vital option in optimizing energy structure,securing energy safety and dealing with climate change,the rational exploitation and use of nuclear energy will play an important role in current and foreseeable future's international energy system and structure.As a nuclear power,Russia has a development history of over 70 years since the formal establishment of its nuclear industry on August 20th,1945.Russia has drawn worldwide attention in nuclear weapon research and development,and nuclear energy peaceful use.The Soviet Union started nuclear physics research before World War II.The Soviet Union issued its historic "Nuclear Plan" in 1942.The successful explosion of the atomic bomb marked the completion of the plan,which also broke the US' nuclear monopoly and nuclear blackmail,and accelerated the establishment of the Soviet Union's nuclear industry.During the "Cold War",the keynote of the Soviet Union's nuclear energy development was "military as priority",which meant concentrating on nuclear military industry development,and trying to achieve nuclear balance and advantage in the US-Soviet arms race.With the improvement of international and domestic nuclear energy research,the civil nuclear energy carrier,represented by nuclear power,was widely used in the Soviet Union's socialist economic construction.The Chernobyl nuclear incident in 1986 did not only badly hurt Soviet's domestic nuclear energy development,but also created profound influence to the global nuclear energy development.However,when people were still suffering from the Chernobyl incident,the Soviet Union's socialism "mansion" collapsed.The new independent Russia nuclear industry was facing great historical changes.Russia's nuclear energy development was basically "stagnated" under the background of"shock therapy".With the end of the Boris Yeltsin era,Russia embraced the Vladimir Putin period.And Russia's nuclear energy development entered a new phase.To reverse the overall declining tendency of nuclear energy development,Putin carried two nuclear industry system reforms in 2004 and 2007 during his two presidential tenures,and formulated the world's unique management system,with "combination of government function and enterprise management" as the main characteristics.After about ten years' development,Russia's nuclear energy development gradually got to the normal track.Especially in developing international market,Russia has made remarkable achievements by vigorously exploring emerging nuclear markets including Asia-Pacific,Latin America and Middle East,on the foundation of consolidating traditional nuclear markets including the former Soviet union.The achievement is outstanding in the whole world.To deal with the international and domestic politics,economy,safety and energy situation,Russia issued the Russian Federation "Nuclear Industry Complex Development" National Outline in June,2014.The Outline indicated the basic plan and emphasis on Russia's nuclear energy development before 2020 from both domestic and international levels,and civil and military aspects.This paper combs the development history of the Soviet Union and Russia,studies the nuclear energy development after Russia's independence,and acknowledges the basic paths and security measures of Russia's nuclear energy development strategy implementation on the foundation of the Russian Federation"Nuclear Industry Complex Development" National Outline in June,2014.Then it focuses on the advantages and geopolitics challenges in overseas nuclear energy development from the perspective of competition between international nuclear powers.At last,the paper dialectically analyzes the historical experience,main problems and development prospects of China-Russia nuclear energy cooperation,and lists relative proposals for cooperation.Nuclear industry is a strategic and high-tech industry.It's an important symbol of the great power position and comprehensive national strength.Over the past 70 years,Russia has gradually developed a way suitable for its national conditions by introducing a series of nuclear industry development strategies and plans,carrying out nuclear industry structural reforms,steadily enlarging opening up and positively blending in the world economic integration.Meanwhile,the nuclear development of Russia is tortuous and complicated.Its international market exploration is facing severe geopolitics challenges especially after the Ukraine Crisis.In addition,as an important part of China-Russia economic,trade and technical cooperation,nuclear cooperation contributed remarkably to consolidate the strategic cooperation partnership between the two countries.With the deepening of the bilateral relationship,China-Russia nuclear cooperation is facing a rare historical opportunity.Affected by the overall situation of“warm politics and cold economy",however,the bilateral nuclear cooperation is also facing problems demanding prompt solution,which requires the two countries to work hard together.In current time and the near future,China will usher in an important period of nuclear energy development strategy implementation.It's also a crucial opportunity to response to the "One Belt One Road" proposal and nuclear power "Going Global"strategy.By studying Russia's nuclear development's experiences and lessons,we can find certain references for China's nuclear industry development strategy implementation,nuclear industry's structural reform advancement,nuclear energy"Going Global" strategy realization,and China-Russia nuclear cooperation deepening.