The Institutional Transition Of Bitik(?)i System During The Mongol Yuan Period-conducted By The Functions Of Civil And Historian Officers

The Bitik(?)i(???)were the scrible officals who served THE Mongol Khans or Princes as a kind of guards which was called Keshiq.Most of the scholars have reached an agreement that Grand Bitik(?)i and other assitant Bitik(?)i developed to Chancellor and the institution Yanching Secretariat(Yanjingxingsheng????)or The Imperial Secretariat(Zhongshusheng ???).However,less studies about the Bitik(?)i in Yuan Dynasty could be acheived today.This thesis will show the transition from the Keshiq Bitik(?)i to Minsters or high officals in the Imperial Academy(???),and also some of the Bitik(?)i held the high-ranking official in the Hall of Literature(???)at the regin of the emperor Wenzong(??).This thesis constituted by six chapters.The first chapter makes a convey on the institutional transformation of Bitik(?)i in the Mongol-Yuan period.The transformation maily reflects in three aspects,the dilution of administrative function,the retention of Keshiq functions,and the extension of the historical function.The second chapter examins the possible content of the Mongol secret historical file Tob(?)iyan(????),as which was composed of three aspects,the The Imperial Clan's(????)lineage,the Mongol tradional institutions such as Yosun(??),Bilig(??),Yasa(??),and also the bigoraphies of officals who hasrendered outstanding service.Bitik(?)i as the writer of Bitik(?)i after Wenzong's Era played a less important role than the other Keshiq Bitik(?)i from the perspective of their career building.The third chapter considering from the analysis results of Cuiyu's memorials for Qubilai and the bigoraphy of Jiajuzhen,dicusses the clan quality of The Imperial Diary(Qijuzhu ???)was not only Mongols or Muslims,but also Chinese.Moreover,mostly of the officals who occupy the Imperial Diary had Chinese cultural background or skills,and they also had the status or identity as Keshiq.The forth chapter provides supplement character trait examples of the compliers of The Veritable Records of the Yuan Dynasty(Yuanshilu ???).The lost material Yuanshilu,partial content of which could be achieve today because it persevered by the book Yuanshi.However,which kind of the local data would be collected in the Yuanshilu is not clear.This chapter find the cases in Yuanshilu like the bigoraphies of Woman of Integrity,Corifucian scholars,or good officials cited by scholars' collection in Yuan Dynasty.The fifth chapter will raise the collision between the Hall of Literature officcals,the Imperial Academy officals and Keshiq Bitik(?)i.According to the Hall of Literature officals,resignation event and the rejection of refering Bitik(?)i and Yuarshilu,they had been marginalized by the Imperial Academic Officals and Keshiq Bitik(?)iI because of Wenzong's favorite with the Hall of Literature officals,who were the emperor's private brain trust.The last chapter makes a case study of a Keriet Bitik(?)i clan and families.Bulgai and his families were A group having early contact with The Imperial Clan,and they won the trust and appointment as a result of their Uyghur writing technique.This thesis trys to analysis the transition of the Keshiq Bitik(?)i from Mongolian system to the regulatory bureaucratic institutions.The accomplishment in this artical mainly shown in the following aspects.Firstly,it has colleted comprehensive datas about Keriet Bitik(?)iin Mongol-Yuan Dynasty.Secondly,it brings forth new ideas to research the secret court files such as Tob(?)iyan Yuanshilu and Qijuzhu and their writers in order to lead the consideration of institution model transversion in the administrative system.