Tal Bahatai Mongolia During The Period Of The Hui People

In 1840,the Opium War took place.For the Qing government,domestic strife and foreign aggression sharpened day by day.In 1862,the Hui revolt took place in Shanxi province,and quickly developed into a vast turmoil in the north west of the Qing territory.the Tongzhi Hui Revolt which broke out in the 1960s had its profound influences upon the Mongolian habitants in the Tarbagatai region of Xinjiang.In this paper,I tried to fully utilize the research on the topic in the academia.Based on their enormous studies,I made this research depending on various manuscripts and some basic historical documents.As for the documents,I used the Collections of Manchu Documents in Xinjiang During the Qing Period(Qing dai Xinjiang man wen dang’an hui bian),Memorials to the Throne in the Reign of Guangxu(Guang xu chao zhu pi zou zhe),Imperial Edicts in the Tong Zhi Reign(Tong zhi chao shang yu dang),Collections of Rare memorial to the thrones of Xinjiang in Qing period(Qing dai xinjiang xi jian zou du hui bian)and the Chinese copied Memorials to the Throne in the first historical archives of China and the original Manchu、Chinese and Mongolian documents relating to Tarbagatai.By studying the memorial the thrones by the ministers,local chronicles,travel notes,investigation reports and recent studies,I tried to depict the whole event of Hui Revolt systematically.The main content of this study includes the following topics:the break out of the revolt,the siege and loss of the city of Tarbagatai,the battle of the Mongolian soldiers and the battle with the Qing official army,the immigration of the Mongolian refugees to the Buluntuohai and the Qing government’ s arrangement of the refugees.Study on these themes can help us form a better understanding of the impact of the special experiences of the special historical period on Mongolian society in Tarbagatai.The thesis is in three big parts:the introduction,the body and the conclusion.The introduction part introduces the main topic of this study,the former related studies,the basic historical documents used,methodologies,the creativeness of this study as well as its deficiency.The Body is in six chapters.The first chapter gives the background of the Xinjiang Mongolian league and banner system.Also I traced the historical origin of Tarbagatai ten Mongol sumus and Unensujugtu Old Torghut Northern Route Mongols as well as their distributions of grazing lands and their duties of garrisons.In the end,I introduced the historical background of the Mongol noble lamas on the eve of the Hui Revolt.In the second chapter,I illustrated the historical process from the Tongzhi forth year(January,27,1865)to Tongzhi fifth year(April,12,1866).In fifteen months,the revolt army sieged the Tarbagatai city,the garrison soldiers at first passively protected the city,and then moved on to counter strike the revolt army.I also included the facts of the effort of the religious leader Gungajalzan to rescue the city by leading a group of Mongolian army.The Torghut Northern route Mongols were called twice to join the army,however,fled back to their grazing land twice.In the third chapter,I studied the historical facts of Kobdo and Tarbagatai city’s garrison ministers’ plans and actions on strike back along with Gungajalzan’ s gathering of the Solon and Mongol refugee.The chapter also includes the study on Qing governmental army’ s westward and the government ’ s regain of power in Tarbagatai.In the forth chapter,I analyzed the rivalries’ constitution of human resources and their performances battle.I conclude that the Qing army was inefficient and passive in the battle.The rear service and military strength was deficient.The fifth chapter depicts the Qing government’s arrangement of the Buluntuohai minister to settle the Tarbagatai refugees and its relieve methods which include offering goods and dividing grazing lands.In the sixth chapter,I illustrated the Tarbagatai Mongolian society’s dramatical change.This includes the decline of population,the financial burden and the decline of the animal husbandry economy.Meanwhile,I also involved the issues relating to Mongol upper lamas and the compensations and awards to their soldiers.