A Study Of Early Official Script On Bamboo And Silk

Content:The early official script(早期隶书)has not fully mature which is from late in the Warring states to the early of western Han dynasty(befor Emperor Wu of Han),and which is also known as official script with seal script(篆隶),ancient official script(古隶)or seal script with cursive scrip(草篆),etc.The writing materials is various in this period.The bamboo and silk is the main material among them which record ancient written.The bamboo wooden slips had widely used in Yin Shang period.The slik had used during the spring and autumn period.Look from the script,the characters on bamboo and silk almost covered seal script(篆书),official script(隶书),regular script(楷书),semicursive script(行书),cursive script(草书),which reflected more the actual use of the Chinese characters,and whose speed of the Libian(隶变)is faster than other materials.The characters of bamboo and silk follows the natural evolution of Chinese characters,so,we regard the early official script as our research object.The study of Chinese character is divided into two aspects:glyph structure and script style.The study of glyph structure is mainstream of the Chinese characters subject for a long time,and the study of script style has not been involved in the basic theory system.The early official script is in the Libian period,the formerly research payes more attention to the structure analysy,in fact,the mode of writing firstly changed.The script change directly affected the glyph structure,so,that is not enough only to research the structure.The early official script shows transitionally on script and structure in the early Libian period.We investigated the early official script from writing angle,which can improve our understanding for the process of Libian.We describe stroke(笔划)(line and modern stroke),component(构件),the whole word(整字)in detail from all levels of the early official script combined with these related theories:the configuration subject of Chinese characters,script subject,calligraphy subject And we use comprehensively feature extraction method,characteristics description method,analytic hierarchy process(ahp),quantity statistics,system comparison method.On that basis,we have concluded the evolution traits of the early official script and analysed some laws,discussed the reasons among them.This paper depicts the dynamical process of the early official script detailly,which is from the seal script to the official script.This is the paper’s writing key and innovation.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the paper has five chapters in full.The main content include following several aspects:The first and second chapters have respectively these contents:research status and material finishing of the early official script.We introduce detailedly the relevant,theoretical study about the topic.In these eighteen kinds of bamboo and silk materials,we choose the nine typical.among them.The early official script is in the Libian period,and the form changes remarkably,the variant forms(异体字)are abound.The word finishing is the study about variant forms(异体字).The paper classify,describe and statistic the variant forms(异体字)exhaustively in Shuihudi(睡虎地),Mawangdui(马王堆)and Yinqueshan(银雀山),the three kinds of representative bamboo and silk.The classification standard of variant forms(异体字)has two points:firstly,the construction significance whether changes or not;secondly,the variation levels are different.According to the first standard,the variant forms(异体字)are divided into different writing(异写字)and heterogeneous word(异构字)of the early official script.The construction significance of different writing is completely consistent,but the construction significance of heterogeneous word changes.According to the second standard,the different writing(异写字)are divided into stroke level and component level.We also explained the production situation of the glyph form and glyph frame about the early official script.We majorly refer to the seal script in Qin dynasty during the warring states period,auxiliarily consult oracle(甲骨文)and bronze inscription(金文).The third chapter is description and analysis of the early official script.This section is the focal point in our paper.We describe two levels:stroke,component,and summarize their characteristics.The early official script is in the transition period from the seal script to the official script.The writing elements are transiting from line to modern stroke.The stoke’s change include bending and straight,connection and disconnect,extend and shorten,tum round and party fold.Two important characteristics about the stoke’s change of the early official script are flat trend(平直化)and party fold trend(方折化).These are not only the inheritance of ancient written,but also the outstanding characteristic in the Libian period on the stoke’s change.Both them often take place accompaniedly.We statisticed two main kind strokes’obvious changes on dashes and shaft painting from typical angle.The flat rate of stokes is 42.58%,and the party fold rate of stokes is 25.53%.We also descript the component from writing angle.Mainly through the stroke changes,we judge the variable degree component in the Libian period and then to make component classification.The component types of the early official script:nationalities completely change component(完全隶变构件),half Zhuan half nationalities component(半篆半隶构件),half Zhuan half grass component(半篆半草构件).We carried on the detailed description and analysis for the component changes in Shuihudi,Mawangdui and Yinqueshan.And we estimated the statistical data for all types of components.The grass cavitation phenomenon of the early official script is common.The grass ways mainly have cursive writing,stroke and component’s conserve,and special symbols in the fast writing.The stroke and component of the grass is common.The half Zhuan half grass components is in slowly increaseing,and we did the quantity statistics from the whole word form.From among them,we can see the seeds of cursive with development,but it had not form a real sense of cursive.The fourth chapter is the evolution of this font theory about the early official script We from the written angle,summarized the stroke and component’s regular changes of the early official script The line trend(线条化)and monden stroke trend(笔画化)refer to the changes of the writing elements’ nature.The early official script is in the Libian period,whose writing unit have both the line of the seal character and modern stroke.Based on the description of the stroke,we have identified the stroke shape system.There is unbalancedness in the process of monden stroke trend.The same component of the stroke evolution is not synchronization and the stroke evolution process with repeatability.In the evolution process of the early official script,the simplified and numerous appeared on font,and give priority to simplify.The simplify expressed in stroke and the component two aspects.The strokes are purely on the simplified appearance simplified,and most is of no significance.The component of the numerous belongs to text structure,and the glyph’s change is numerous on surface,in fact,which belongs to the evolution of glyph structure.The early official script is in the Libian period,and the glyph presents a lot of simplified phenomenon.The stroke of simplified are mainly performance on the stroke’s disappear or province in some components.The component of simplified are mainly performance on the repetitive components’ province in the whole words.There are also several special simplification:common stroke and character share,agglutinate and separation.The assimilation and alienation is relative to a group of glyph.The assimilation make the different form become same,and the alienation make the same form become different.Both them are supplement each other,and which promote the development of the evolution of the Chinese characters font.The assimilation although caused some configuration of richard according to fuzzy,and reduce the Chinese character picture sex,which also improves the component’s unitization and promotes the Chinese character for symbolic process.The alienation of the early official script often because compose words in different position,or alone body and fit different,which caused the same component of variation.The assimilation and alienation are analysis for script evolution of the early official script from different angles.In fact,both them are at the same time and cross each other.The fifth chapter is the reason analysis of the early official script.The script evolution is the internal cause of Chinese character system,as well as other factors,and the basic reason is that Chinese character system of the internal contradictions of sports.The glyph and script are the two aspects of Chinese character study,and both them are influence each other and interaction,which are to promote the development of Chinese characters.In addition,writing materials and tools,writers and social factors which play a vital role for the evolution of the early official script.The writing materials and tools has a direct impact on the script.The writers of the early official script are mostly working-class people,and the accumulate over a long period of changes about script also happened in the writers’ casual everyday words.The characters belongs to the social phenomenon,and there are links for the script evolution with the social,political and economic factors.The early official script is in the change stage from the warring states period to Qin and Han dynasties.The social and political dramatic changes provide an opportunity for the script’s conversion.