The Research Of The Village Order And Its Maintenance During The Turn Of Han To Jin Dynasties

The village order and its maintenance had obvious changes during the end of the Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,the rise of magnates who combined with the government as countryside official kept the village order.The great disorder under heaven at last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty broke this situation.The clan forces and the civilian who joined them together built castles to resist the invading enemy,this was the formation of special organizations in wartime.Magnates were the controller of these organizations.In order to solved the food problem,the local separatist forces established storing the farming system,this system's manager led the civilians in it.So,at the end of Han Dynasty,magnates,the managers of the sroring the farming system and the village officials in the peaceful area to keep village order together.The Western Jin Dynasty reorganized the village manage system,combined with the government,magnates became the leader of village again,but soon chaos came again.In the wartime,a large number of castles which built by magnates arised,The region which affected by the war entered the situation which the civilian rely on magnates in castles.The village is the foundation of agricultural society,clarify the change of village order during the turn of Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty has important significance to the development of a correct understanding of the Han to Jin society.This subject is worth researching.This paper will combine with the clan,religion,natural disasters and robbers and killings and other factors,changes to clarify the village order during the period of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty.Clan and village order.During the Eastern Han and Jin dynasty,rulers appeased clan,on this condition,the clan began to flourish.Clan which formed by kinship was a ratively stable groups.In the family,they respect for seniority,help each other when they were in trouble,lived together harmoniously,the most important thing is they obey the leadership of patriarch.In war times,tribes moved to a safe place under the leadership of patriarch,or built a castle to self-defense with village people.Clan has its special role in stability of village order.Religion and village order.After rejecting the other schools of thought and respecting only confucianism,Confucianism getting popular.Confucian morality become the guiding principle when dealing with others.Chaos during the Han and Jin dynasty did not Confucianism in the status of people's minds at the time fundamentally.Taoism and Buddhism were also rising in the Eastern Han dynasty.Both of them were growing durng disasters,they helped people who suffering from disasters and wars,so they played a positive role in the stability of village order.But Taoism used by people to become a tool uprising,so Taoism also destroyed the village order.Natural disasters and disease.The Han and Jin dynasties was a frequent natural disasters and epidemics era.All the kinds of natural disasters in varying degrees posed a threat to people's lives and property safety,thereby undermined the village order,Diseases caused large numbers of people infected thus a major threat to civilian lives.Because of the social development of the Han and Jin Dynasties,the happanning of the disaster and disease were attributed to the mistakes of people.So the emperor to reflect on their own mistakes,many of the ministers were also be removed.At the same time,the government has also taken some practical relief measures after narural disasters and diseases happened.Damage caused by the disasters and disease on the order of the village are other factors in addition to the war can not be compared.Thieves and vendetta.Due to various reasons,there were a lot of thieves during late Han dynasty and Jin Dynasty.The motives of the robber's crimes are not always the same,so the government took different measures to coped with them.Thieves and robbers made their living by plunder,they caused devastating damage wherever they went.The Han and Jin Dynasties is an era of popular revenge.Mutual vendetta is an important factor causing instability in the social order.