Ouyang Xiu Ruins Research

Ou-yang Hsiu was known as generation's master for his morality and literature achievements in Song Dynasty. He was one of famous ministers in Song Dynasty and was considered as people's master of later generations. His personality, ideas and disposition had profound and far-reaching influences. Since the North Song Dynasty, people rebuilt his historic sites and memorial temples for him in his hometown, the town he grew up, the town he died and the towns he ever worked. These historic sites and memorial temples were rebuilt repeatedly and prosperous sustainedly which embodied Ou-yang Hsiu's profound and far-reaching influence.In this thesis, Ou-yang Hsiu's historic sites included two parts. One part was the remains of the buildings that was built when Ou-yang Xiu worked here. For example Zui Wang Pavilion, Ping Shan Temple, Shuang Gang Qian Biao Stele, Ou-yang Hsiu Tomb and so on. The other part was the memorial temples for Ou-yang Xiu. These historic sites were many and they had a certain scale, system, history, cultural heritage and social influence which were recoded in the historical books. They were the valuable subject investigated on the study of Ou-yang Hsiu's influence. The thesis tried to discussed the form, bloom and decadence of the eighty-two sites in the eighteen regions in the round and systematically, and illustrated their cultural significances.The thesis included ten chapters. The first eight chapters were the research about individual cases of the historic sites. The ninth chapter and the tenth chapter summarized the origin, types, distribation situation of the historic sites and explained the abundant cultural heritage and many-sided cultural values.The historic sites in Yi Ling county, Chu State, Yang State and Ying State were famous and representative which were the important sample understanding Ou-yang Hsiu sites.There are many historic sites of Zhi Xi Temple, Zhi Xi Pavilion, Jiang Xue Temple and Liu Yi College, Ou-yang Hsiu memorial temple and Qi Xuan in Yi Ling County. Zhi Xi Temple was in the county government and Zhi Xi Pavilion was beside the river. Both were built in Jing You years when Ou-yang Hsiu was the county magistrate of Yi Ling County.Later Huang Ting-jian wrote Shan State Zhi Xi Pavilion Ji on the stone. Temple and Pavilion were destroyed in South Song Dynasty and were rebuilt in Ming Dynsty which remained sites and klunky hearstones. After establishing a new state, Zhi Xi Pavilion was rebuilt in the new location. Zhi Xi Pavilion was famous as Shan State Zhi Xi Pavilion Ji. Jiang Xue Temple was paid attention to which derived its name from the verse of "Feng Qing Jiang Xue Zun Qian Wu". It was initially built in South Song Dynasty and was rebuilt at least six times in Qing Dynasty. Qing people replanted red pear blossom beside Jiang Xue Temple. Jiang Xue Temple embodied people's yearn for Ou-yang Hsiu's diligent work. Liu Yi College was built in Jia Jing Years in Ming Dynasty thatwas the original college in Yi Ling County and was rebuilt six times in Qing Dynasty. To modern times it was rebuilt Hu Bei Yi Chang County Normal School. The college offered sacrifices to Ou-yang Xiu. Ou-yang Xiu's literature and contribute had educational significance to the students of Yi Ling County and Liu Yi college facilitated education of Yi Ling County.The historic sites in Chu State were the most prosperous. There are more than twenty five sites of Zui Weng Pavilion, Feng Le Pavilion, Xing Xin Pavilion, Ling Xi Stone, Niang spring, Zi Wei Spring, Er Xian Temple and so on. Zui Weng Pavilion and Feng Le Pavilion were the most famous sites of all the sites in Chu State. They were built in Qing Li years and were located in the Lang Ya Hill and Feng Hill. They were flourishing in the North Song Dynasty and were declining in the South Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. They were rebuilt repeatedly in Ming Dynsty and made up Zui Weng Pavilion and Feng Le Pavilion architectural complexes. People toured and poetized that the poem were collected with a book name Zui Weng Pavilion ji and Nan Chu Hui Jing Bian. Chu State was the important alleyway between Beijing capital and Nanjing capital. Tai Pu Temple was quartered in Chu Zhou which was one of the important reasons. Qing Dynasty was maintenance period which kept basic setup of Ming Dynasty. The two pavilions became from practical pavilions to ornamental scenic spot. They were cultural marker of literary pursuits which embodied people's deep expects for ideal politics. In all Ou-yang Hsiu sites Zui Weng Pavilion was the most important.The historic sites in Yang State were prosperous, Ping Shan Temple, Wu Shuang Pavillion, Mei Quan Pavilion and Ou-yang Wen Zhong Gong memorial temple. Besides Zui Weng Pavilion, the influence of Ping Shan Temple was the most famous. It was built firstly in Qing Li Years, on the Shu Gang in the north and west of prefecture by Ou-yang Hsiu. Ping Shan Temple was prosperous in North Song Dynasty, Su Shi and other poets wrote a lot of poems. Ping Shan Temple was called the first Temple of East Huai. It declined in Yuan Dynasty and was rebuilt as Si Tu Temple. It was prosperous in the Qing Dynasty and made up Ping Shan Temple architectural complexes by prefect of Yang State and salt controller and Ping Shan Lan Sheng Zhi and Ping Shan Temple Tu Zhi. Ping Shan Temple borrowed the mountains and visual field was wide. In the tour feelings, Ping Shan Temple was palace of literary pursuits, symbol of virtuous. Ping Shan Temple was sostenuto prosperous in Qing Dynasty because its tourism, cultural accumulation and regional location. Wu Shuang Pavilion was built in Qing Li Years by Ou-yang Hsiu behind Houtu Temple named of the beautiful Qiong Flower. Wu Shuang Pavilion was rebuilt repeatedly from Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty and Qiong Flower was replanted repeatedly, too. Qiong Flower and Wu Shuang Pavilion experienced prosperity and havoc which was the witness of history of Yang State as Ping Shan Temple. Mei Quan Pavilion was another name with Da Ming Jing Pavilion that was not mention in the later generation. In the Jia Jing Years of Ming Dynasty, the fifth Spring was named. People in Qing Dynasty built pavilion on the spring like Mei Spring Pavilion.Ying State was the State Ou-yang Hsiu worked and lived after retirement. There were Ju Xing Temple, Hui Lao Temple, Liu Yi Temple so on. Ju Xing Temple was in the government office of Ying State which was the temple Ou-yang Hsiu and guests drunk wine and wrote poems. It was rebuilt sometimes in Qing Dynasty. Hui Lao Temple and Liu Yi Temple were private residence in Ying State. Hui Lao Tang got his name because the encounter between the Ou-yang Hsiu and Zhao Kai. Hui Lao Temple was rebuilt in end of Ming Dynasty and earlier stage of Qing Dynasty. Liu Yi Temple was only recorded at the later generation but was not the temple actually. Xi Hu academy was not built by Ou-yang Hsiu and built in Ming Dynasty and rebuild repeatedly. Xi Hu Acacemy embodied the the attention by people in Ying State who hoped the students studied in the acacemy yearn the ancestral sage of Ou-yang Hsiu. Above the private residence and buildings, they were declining since North Song. Its decline was distinct from the prosperity of Zui Weng Pavillion. The reason of declines was that the areas of Xi Lake shrank gradually.Guanghua County was called Qiande County in Song Dynasty in where Ou-yang Wenzhong Gong academy of classical learning was initially built in mid-Ming dynasty which was both an academy and an ancestral hall. Hua Fang Zhai is the room Ou-yang Hsiu lived when he was the Hua County head which was rebuilt to an academy of chassical learning and came to being a Hua Fang Room, Qiu Sheng Storey and Wen Lake architectural complexes.Hua Fang Zhai became from living room to the entertainment room and academy which embodied the evolution of the property of Hua Fang Zhai. Ou-yang Xiu was the head of Kaifeng Fu in Jia You Years in North Song Dynasty. Ou-yang Wen-zhong Gong ancestral hall was build in Jia Jing Years in Ming Dynasty. Ou-yang Hsiu was the head of Qing State in Xi Ning Years and the ancestral hall for Ou-yang Hsiu was built in Jia Jing Years in Ming Dynasty.Except the place Ou-yang Hsiu ever worked, there are many sites of Ou-yang Hsiu in his home village and the where place he was born, grew and buried and in other states and counties where most of the sites were academies and ancestral halls.There were Xi Yang Taoist temple, Liu Yi Bridge, Liu Yi Ancestral hall, Liu Yi academy,Zhi Ou academy of classical learning and so on.Xi Yang Temple,Ou-yang Hsiu's parents' cemetery was rebuilt over and over in history which became an architectural complexes included ancestral hall, academy of classical learning, storey and stone tablet. The stele of Shuang Gang Qian Biao of the cultural relic wrote by Ou-yang Hsiu had relatively high art aesthetic value. Liu Yi Bridge in the Yong Feng County was built in the South Song Dynasty which was a civil facility. It was rebuilt to Liu Yi Ancestral hall and Liu Yi academy in Jia Jing Years Ming Dynasty. Liu Yi Ancestral hall in the Ji State administration building was built in South Song Dynasty and was not rebuilt at the later generation. Zhi Ou academy in the west of Yong Feng County was built in the Yuan Dynasty which embodied people's admiring to Ou-yang Hsiu. The sites of pavilion in Ji state was more less, but the enthusiasm of building academy of classical learning and ancestral hall was higher than other states and counties. So Ou-yang Hsiu's influence for Ji Zhou's imperial examination was huge.Ou-yang Hsiu was born in Mian State in where Liu Yi ancestral hall was built by Tan Wang in the North Song Dynasty. Si Xian Temple in Tai state was initially built in Ming dynasty. Ou-yang Hsiu ancestral hall in Sui state was initially built in Ming dynasty, too.Ou-yang Hsiu tomb in Xin Zheng got more maintenances in Qing dynasty which was one of the most beautiful scenery in Xin Zheng.Liu Yi Spring in Hangzhou named by Su Shi was one senery of Gu mountain. Qian Long visited Liu Yi Spring four times when he visited south ,which made the spring more famous. The spring was valued by people of Ou-yang Hsiu and Su Shi. Liu Yi Spring condense the memory of Su Shi which was the witness of the friendship between Su Shi and Ou-yang Hsiu. Ou-yang Hsiu ancestral hall in Xuzhou was initially built in Ming dynasty by Ou-yang Hsiu's descendants. Other sites were You Mei Xuan in Yu Shan county, Yi Weng Pavillion in Xiang Shan county, Jie Shan Xuan in Chu state and Xi Ou Pavillion in Tai Lake county.In a word, the number of the sites of Ou-yang Hsiu was eighty-two distributing eighteen state and county. 72% of sites was in the hometown of Ou-yang Hsiu and 20% was in the place of Ou-yang Hsiu was born and died. Admiring virtuous person was Chinese traditional cultural psychology. The sites had four types of Pavilion, ancestral hall, natural scenery and inscriptions which had typicality and representative. Diversiform type were related to the identity of Ou-yang Hsiu and they were satisfied people's cultural demand of leisure,aesthetics and education. There were two type of self-building and other-building. There were many situations about the building. Firstly, they distributed in the place of Ou-yang Hsiu worked, then expanded in the hometown of Ou-yang Hsiu and so on. The holistic trend was that the number of the sites increased, the region expanded, influence significanted. They existed the time and space continuously.The sites of Ou-yang Hsiu sometimes were prosperous and sometimes declining. They were prosperous because of natural disaster and war. They were declining because of Ou-yang Hsiu's influence. Some sites were rebuilt repeatedly and some were declining quickly. The reason had two aspects of material and culture. Firstly, the transition of geography had restrictive function. Si Lake in Ying State was beautiful and the sites of Ou-yang Hsiu were prosperous. At the later generation Huai River seized by Yellow River and the lake dried up gradually where the sites of Ou-yang Hsiu were vanished. Secondly,regional locations and traffic position were important factors. Zhi Xi Temple, Zhi Xi Pavilion and Jiang Xue Temple in Yi Ling County were not rebuilt because of position were remote.Ping Shan Temple in Yang State was located a metropolitan city so it was rebuilt repeatedly.Thirdly, aesthetic factors could not be ignored. Zui Weng Pavilion in beautiful Lang Ya Hill,Ping Shan Temple in expansive Shu Gang, Jiang Xue Temple with Red Pear Flower and Wu Shuang Pavilion could take kind feeling. At last, famous literature was the soul of sites from which feel Ou-yang Hsiu's spirit,could get open and enlighten which endew sites endless fascination. Zui Weng Ting Ji was a typical example.The sites of Ou-yang Hsiu was material existence, history existence and cultural existence. Its fascination was its affluent cultural accumulation. Why could we call it with cultural existence? The sites of writer were got a lot of attention by people at later generation because of not the material existence, but the incarnation of personality and thought of writer.Those sites of Ou-yang Xiu built and lived was the mark of his living and the mark of his spiritual course with his morality and temperament and interest. This was the most important.For example Hua Fang Zhai in Hua State, Zui Weng Pavilion in Chu State, Liu Yi Temple in Ying State. Secondly, the sites of Ou-yang Hsiu included affluence information of history and geography evolution. This information was the knowledge of sites and the cultural accumulation of sites. For example Nanjing Taipu Si was the siganificance of Zui Weng Pavilion's prosperous. The Huai River seized by the Yellow River had great influence for the sites in Ying State. Thirdly, during the touring and chanting, people express affluence feelings and cognitions, for example the cherishing feeling for Ou-yang Hsiu, the aesthetic feeling for sites and so on. These feelings and cognitions manifested its cultural attribute.The sites were remnant of history and practical existence. The trait of the sites were that sites with affluence cultural accumulation had actual role which had eternal value. We could feel the cultural man Ou-yang Hsiu and get affluence history knowledge and get feel's enlightenment. In the city, the sites of Ou-yang Hsiu were cultural relics resources, history and cultural resource and tour resource which promoted cultural taste of city and cultural living of people economic value.