The Textual Research On Qin Officials

According to the Qin official systems reflected in Han Shu-Bai Guan Gong Qing Biao and Xu Han Shu-Bai Guan Zhi,as well as the official contents in literatures of both books and excavations,this dissertation studied the Qin officials by three aspects—Qin centre officials,Qin place officials and Qin official ranks.It tried to reconstruct Qin official systems and to show its complete features again.There were four chapters in the dissertation.The first chapter was the preface.It mainly introduced the current research situations and problems of Qin officials.It also discussed the research materials,research methods and the research significances of the dissertation.The second chapter was the Qin centre officials.With the official subordinations in Han officials and other historical materials,as well as the upward deduction,this chapter tried to reconstruct the Qin centre official systems.During discussing the Qin centre officials,it discussed some related issues,such as the setting situation of Cheng Xiang and Tai Wei,constructions of centre officials and so on,and concluded the features of Qin centre officials.Cheng Xiang,Bang Wei,Tai Wei,and Yu Shi Da Fu were Qin centre top officials.Cheng Xiang helped the king dealting with all kinds of matters and was honored as Bang Wei.King Wu firstly created Left and Right Cheng Xiang.Qin Ershi abolished Left and Right Cheng Xiang and created Zhong Cheng Xiang,from which the authority of Cheng Xiang became the one from the two.Cheng Xiang system in Qin showed the authority evolution of Cheng Xiang in ancient Chinese history.Scholars mistakenly believed that Bang Wei and Tai Wei were the same official.Actually,they were two different officials.They both were military officials.Yu Shi Da Fu supervised Jun.In Qin centre official systems,Jiang Jun,Feng Chang,Lang Zhong Ling,Wei Wei,Tai Pu,and Shao Fu were the advanced official systems.They contained many officials,and their official systems were large and maturely developed.According to the research,this dissertation believed that the saying--Three Councillors and Nine Ministers--could not described the main contents and features of Qin centre official systems.The third chapter was the Qin place officials.Qin implemented Jun-Xian system in places,which had Jun officials,Xian officials and Xiang officials.In the section of Jun officials,it studied officials in each Jun,with the clues of Qin Jun and Jun Shou.Qin Jun had the officials of Shou and Wei.Jun Shou was the chief of Jun and was also called as Tai Shou.Jun Wei took charge of the military affairs in Jun.Jun in the border had the military officials of Hou and Si Ma.It also had Fa Nu,whose responsibility was teaching soliders releasing arrows.Qin Jun also had Si Kong,craft officials,and field officials.Qin Jun which had the local production also had the specific officials for charging the local products.For example,Shu Jun had left and right weaving officials,and Langya Jun had the left and right salt officials.Qin Xian had officials of Ling,Wei,Shao Nei,Ting Wei,Si Ma,Si Yu,Si Kong and Craft Officials.Xian Ling had the assistant of Cheng and its subordinates were Ling Shi,Pu and Shi.Wei took charge of Military affairs.Big Xian had two Wei,left and right ones,and the small Xian had one.Shao Nei took charge of stores in Xian and its subordinates were Shao Nei Shou and Jin Bu.Ting Wei took charge of crimes.Si Ma took charge of troops and horses,and its subordinate was Si Ma Ling Shi.Si Yu took charge of carriages.Si Kong took charge of buildings.Xian Gong took charge of producing implements.Xian Gong had the assistant of Cheng,and its subordinates were Gong Shi and Cang Zhang.The officials in Qin Village were much more than the ones recorded in books.Qin Village has the officials of Se Fu,Cheng,Si Kong,Tian Se Fu,and Bai Guan.Xiang Se Fu was the chief of the village and Xiang Cheng was its assistant.Xiang Si Kong took charge of buildings.Tian Se Fu took charge of farming.Bai Guan took charge of folk customs.Shu Jun Zi,Tun Zhang and Pu Ye were military officers in the village.Shu Jun Zi took charge of soldiers in defence.Tun Zhang took charge of defence.Pu Ye took charge of teaching soilders releasing the arrows.Ting had the officials of Ting Zhang,Xiao Zhang and Qiu Dao.Ting Zhang took charge of political regulations and had the assistant of Cheng.Xiao Zhang and Qiu Dao took charge of robbers and thieves.Li had the officials of Li Zheng(Dian),Wu Lao,Wu Zhang and Tian Dian.Li Zheng(Dian)took charge of political regulations.Wu Lao took charge of teaching.Tian Dian took charge of Farming.The fourth chapter was the Qin official ranks.This chapter studied the Twenty Official Ranks again with the new historical data in excavation and also summed up the features and historial functions of Qin official ranks.This chapter believed that Twenty Official Ranks,which were produced by Shang Yang,were main contents of Qin offical rank systems,but Qin also adopted Zhou official ranks-Qing and Da Fu.The use of them reconciled and also replenished the shortness of Qin Twenty Official Ranks.With the research above,this dissertation found that Qin succeeded to some Zhou officials,and also adopted the officials of the states during the Spring and Autumn,and warring.Qin developed such officials so that they fitted to the Qin new state organizations well.Qin also created many new officials,which were the main contents and important parts in Qin new official systems..Han Official systems cut many Qin officials while they succeeded to Qin officials.This dissertation studied them for the complement of Qin official systems.