A Comparative Study On Perfective Marks Of Chinese Dialects

This paper chooses perfective marks of Chinese dialects as the comparative object. In the process of comparison, we utilizes "two triangle" grammatical theory and "clausal government" theory comprehensively, make full use of the abundant information of Chinese dialects to summarize types of perfective marks, in order to explain the phenomenon ultimately.This paper is divided into six chapters.In the first chapter of introduction, we firstly explain the importance of the semantic category of dialect comparison which based on the status of Chinese dialect grammar research, discuss the semantic category of Chinese aspectual category, show that dialect comparison is very important for Chinese studies, so we choose the perfective aspect marks of dialects as the concrete research object.Secondly, the connotation and extension of perfective is defined seriously. Thirdly, the specific understanding of "two triangle" grammatical theory and "clausal government" theory is discussed. Finally, instruct the frame structure, dialect corpus sources and reference standard.The second chapter is the study of present situation of Chinese perfective aspect Research. Given the huge number of research texts, this paper sums up as a single-handed chapter, in order to seek breakthrough of " The whole Chinese " from the perspective of comparative. This chapter is divided into common language fields, dialect fields, historical grammar fields and other fields to comment, because a lot of controversy and research attention is not balanced are the common problems of research texts, comparison of various dialects to expand the grammar facts has become an important option.The third chapter is about Chinese dialect perfective mark types, the phonetic and semantic features and geographical distributions. Firstly, according to the situation, the dialect perfective marks are divided into suffix types, prefix types and inflexion types. Secondly, we use the dialect maps and documents to investigate the main types of Chinese Dialects, found that the performances are different between southern dialects and northern dialects in the phonetic form types and geographic distributions. Finally, combined with the Phonetic Evolution Theory to analysis the phonetic evolution of tone weakening trend, the prominent feature of Chinese perfective marks are summarized as "A variety of sources "and " A variety of usage ".The fourth chapter focuses on two cases of the suffix marks from a microscopic perspective. The geographical distributions of the same shape class and special-shaped class form Northern dialect "le" class marks presents confrontation.This paper adopts "Selected spots in entire areas " methods to investigate the specific performance of special-shaped dialects, and from the grammar system of internal differentiation and language (dialect) contact effects of two main aspects to explain the internal and external causes of formation of the geographical distribution of opposites. The southern dialect "diao" class marks reflect the common characteristics of strong; adopts the partition type induction and comparison methods to summarize a number of common characteristics and differences in detail, and then discussed the status of "diao" class marks in dialects from several aspects, such as the appearance characteristics of the Mandarin "diao" class words,the historical origins of "diao" class marks in dialects, general characteristics of Chinese aspect.The geographical distributions of synchronic and diachronic substitution process of "diao" class marks in dialects can see traces of the southern dialect historical contact between contacted immigration, and the interaction between Mandarin and dialects.The fifth chapter concerns inflexion types. The Chinese dialects perfective diacritical mode is divided into four main types.The speech feature, every form of grammatical meaning and geographical distribution are summarized. Overall, inflexion types have strong oral feature of every form, are more restricted, usually have specific inflection rules, mainly occur in single syllable-verb or adjective words, different ways are used between the southern dialects and northern dialects:various ways are used in the northern dialect, but only the modified tone is common in the southern dialects. In this paper, according to the "Inflection" definition and the. characteristics of Chinese discusses perfective nature, we also summarizes the Chinese dialects marks weakened chain.The sixth chapter is the conclusion. Several conclusions are summarized form the comparison of various dialects, the inadequacies are discussed too. Such as Chinese dialect perfective marker general types are different, the geographical distribution is complex and varied, form meaning correspondence between Mandarin and dialect appears as a "mismatch state", phonetic weakening trend and the single function does not correspond. How to deal with the Multi-function problem will affect the entire research process. Some difficulties encountered in the process of cross dialect comparison, such as material handling, research values, and the content of the investigation, are discussed comprehensively. There are several deficiencies of this paper, such as perspective is not comprehensive and interpretation is not deep enough.