| Background:The prevalence of both Parkinson's disease(PD)and cerebral small vessel diseases tends to increase with age.The two diseases can coexist and influence each other.In recent years,cerebral microbleeds(CMB)related with PD have been reported and concerned increasingly.The prevalence of CMB in the Korean and Japanese population with PD is approximately 17.5%,which is higher than that in healthy adults(5%).There are no data on the prevalence of CMB in Chinese patients with PD.The presence of CMB in people with PD may represent a kind of age-associated comorbidity,or may imply a pathogenetic interaction between the two conditions.In view of the adverse impacts of CMB on PD and the underlying connection between CMB and PD,it is essential to investigate the prevalence,the risk factors and pattern of CMB in Chinese patients with PD,as well as the influence of risk factors on the pattern of CMB.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence,the risk factors and pattern of CMB in Chinese patients with PD,as well as the influence of risk factors on the pattern of CMB.Methods:(1)The medical and imaging data of 247 patients with PD who underwent brain susceptibility weighted imaging were collected retrospectively.(2)The Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale was used to describe the locations and distributions of CMB,and the severity of white matter hypertensity was graded.(3)According to the locations of CMB,participants with PD were divided into four groups(any CMB,lobar CMB,deep CMB and infratentorial CMB).The demographic data and clinical features between PD patients with and without CMBs were analyzed.(4)Logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors of CMB.(5)The frequency and amount of CMB in different locations between patients with and without risk factors were analyzed.Results:(1)Of the 247 patients with PD,39(15.79%)had CMB,27(69.23%)had lobar CMB,20(51.28%)had deep CMB and 17(43.59%)had infratentorial CMB.(2)The frequencies of hypertension(P = 0.006),diabetes(P = 0.019),a history of cerebral ischemic events(P < 0.001)and antiplatelet use(P = 0.021)and the WMH score(P = 0.021)were higher in the group with CMB than in the group without CMB.(3)A history of cerebral ischemic events was independently associated with the presence of CMB(Odds ratio(OR)4.485 [95% CI 2.150-9.356];P = 0.000),lobar(OR 2.743 [95% CI 1.153-6.525];P = 0.022)and deep CMB(OR 8.957 [95% CI 2.466-32.538];P = 0.001).In addition,hypertension(OR 3.317 [95% CI 1.120-9.819];P = 0.030)and Hoehn and Yahr score(OR 1.715 [95% CI 1.022-2.880];P = 0.041)were also associated with the presence of deep CMB.Only white matter hyperintensities were independently associated with the presence of infratentorial CMB(OR 1.110 [95% CI 1.015-1.213];P = 0.022).(4)Compared to patients without risk factors,the frequency of deep CMB was greater in those with a history of cerebral ischemic events(P = 0.013),while the amount of deep CMB was higher in those with hypertension(P = 0.035).Conclusion:(1)This single-center study reveals the prevalence of CMB in Chinese people with PD is approximately 16%.(2)CMB in the individuals with PD seem to present a lobe-dominant pattern.(3)A history of cerebral ischemic events and hypertension may be two strong risk factors which preferentially influences the pattern of deep CMB in people with PD. |
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