The Three-dimensional Average Face Of Han Women In Northern China Was Constructed And Used To Study Facial Morphology With Age

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Researchers have always been fascinated about how age shapes facial morphology in the aspect of orthopedics,radiology and anatomy.Up till now,we have already had some knowledge about this area by means of modern technology.However,with aging being a gradual and subtle process,it is hardly possible to conduct a prospective study for each individual to yield a comparable result.With the development of three-dimensional photography,three-dimensional average face has become increasingly common in scientific research.Past studies have suggested that three-dimensional average face can represent the common facial features of a certain population.METHODS:A total of 187 three-dimensional facial images were collected from 187 normal northern Han women by three-dimensional photography.The study subjects were of 20 to 65 years of age.The study population was classified into 4 groups,i.e.20 to 29-year-old group,30 to 39-year-old group,40 to 49-year-old group and 50 to 65-year-old group.We used the reverse engineering software Geomagic Studio 2012 and mathematical software Matlab to construct the three-dimensional average face shell of each group.Distance between defined facial landmarks was measured,and statistical analysis was performed to determine the difference of each group to demonstrate the trend of facial morphology changing.RESULTS:(1)a total of 187 three-dimensional facial image models of the northern Han nationality were collected.The first group(20-29 years old),50 cases,second groups(30-39 years old),44 cases,third groups(40-49 years old),50 cases,fourth groups(50-65 years old),43 cases.(2)to observe the average facial model of four northern Han Chinese female population,and the facial morphology did change significantly with age.(3)after comparing the first group of average face with the second groups of average face,there was no obvious change except that the nasolabial sulcus was slightly deepened.After comparing the first group of average face with the third sets of average face,it was found that the upper eyelid orbit,nasolabial sulcus and nasolabial fold were markedly deepened.Similar changes were seen in the second groups of average faces and third groups of average faces,and the mandibular sulcus was identified on the average face of the third groups.A comparison between the first,second,third group and fourth group of average average face face after the discovery,fourth groups of average face in nasolacrimal groove and nasolabial sulcus continues to deepen,can be observed in the outer corner of the eye drooping,and orbital groove,buccal groove,buccal buccal sulcus,and mandibular sulcus is more obvious.(4)as a whole,compared with the average face of the first group to the second group,the average face between the second groups and the third groups had obvious aging changes.(5)compared with the average face of the first group,the average face of the second groups changed slightly,and the depressions in the orbit,the upper jaw and the mouth were more obvious.(6)compared with the average face average face of the first group,the third groups showed obvious posterior depression,the forehead and mouth were heavier,the change of nasolabial fold and the angle of mouth was the most obvious,and there were also obvious changes in the temporal region.(7)fourth groups of average face compared with the first group average face,forehead,brow and temporal changes obviously,obviously further depression.The lower eyelid,the lower eyelid,and the nasolacrimal sulcus.The lower nose shows the tendency of downward movement,the nose widened,the nose tip down,the part of the nasolabial fold projecting,and the lower part showing a downward,downward,and backward movement.(8)the average face of the third groups was significantly lower than the average of the second groups,especially in the frontal,lateral and temporal regions.The lower part shows a downward and rearward movement,and the nasolabial sulcus and the quarrel continue to sink.(9)fourth group and second group of average average face face compared to the forehead after the depression is the most important internal,at the same time,glabella appeared obvious depression,lateral upper eyelid and nose,nasolabial ridges are.The mouth circumference showed a downward trend,and the lips showed obvious downward displacement.(10)fourth group and third group of average average face face compared overall deviation is mainly reflected in chromatographic bulge,and consider facial soft tissue laxity,the lateral upper eyelid,nasolabial ridges and lips,chin is more obvious.(11)for each 3D average face linear measurement results between anthropometric features display based on eye paropia wide eye crack width decreased,the nose width of nose,nasal height,nasal length increased,mouth mouth width,upper lip skin height was significantly increased,the upper lip the high and lower high downward trend.CONCLUSION:Three-dimensional average face construction can be clinically applicated and can represent the common features of facial features of a specific population.Also this method has the potential to be applied to a variety of clinical studies in the future.The changes of facial morphology of northern Han women become significant since 40 years old.The major change is facial volume loss,which can be easily observed in frontal,temporal,nasal,orbital,lower nasal and perioral areas.Facial soft tissue sagging become obvious in women more than 50 years old.