Variation Of Soil Microbial Characteristics And Its Influencing Factors In Wugong Mountain Meadow

The meadow is one of the widely distributed terrestrial ecosystem types, which is extremely sensitive to global change. Jiangxi Wugong Mountain meadow is a typical representative of this vegetation type in subtropical area. It is typical and specific in the vegetation vertical spectrum of East China. This study is to explore microbiological characteristics of meadow soil as the initial purpose in different elevations and soil degradation levels in Wugong Mountain. To analysis of variation of soil microbial characteristics of altitude and meadow megradation levels based on external factors, such as the comprehensive research on the internal environment factors influence the soil microbial characteristics, included soil enzyme activity, soil physical and chemical properties variation. And then, to analysis the correlation characteristics between soil environmental factors and microbiological characteristics factors, and on the basis of mountain meadow soil quality variation was evaluated, in addition, to study the variation characteristics of mountain meadow vegetation biomass and soil, and its biological characteristics, physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity and interaction effects were expounded. To elaborate the variation effects on soil microbiological characteristics of meadow from different vision angles. In order to provide theoretical guidance for ecological restoration of degraded meadow and regional sustainable development works, at the same time, can provide a reference for subtropical mountain meadow ecosystem management. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The bacteria had 42 phyla, 110 classes, 165 orders, 189 families, 200 genera,dominant bacteria were Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Crenarchaeota. The fungi had 123 phyla, 238 classes, 259 orders. 302 families, 359 genera. The dominant fungi were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Glomeromycota. In different altitude range, variation of distribution of soil microorganism mainly comes from the high altitude region of 1900 m or 1800 m, while the degraded levels almost variation the distribution characteristics of soil microorganism mainly originates from the severe degraded meadow area.(2) At different altitudes in Wugong Mountain meadow soil water conservation function of variability, but which is not completely consistent with the elevations change.For 1900 m of water conservation ability best, second, 1700 m and 1800 m, and 1600 m of water conservation capacity is weak. With the increase of degradation degree, the water conservation ability of soil was weakened, which was CK>LD>MD>SD. With the increase of elevation of soil permeability decreased gradually in the range of 1600 m-1800 m, but penetration increased again in the range of 1900 m high altitude. With the increase of meadow degradation, soil permeability decreased gradually. The general empirical model can better fit the study area soil infiltration process. Soil pH variation increased with the increase of altitude, with the increasing degree of grassland degradation, pH value decreased; the variability of soil organic matter is not significant in different altitude and degraded meadow areas; the content of soil total potassium increased with the increase of altitude, total phosphorus and available phosphorus content increased with more meadow degradation ; the content of available sulfur decreases with the increase of altitude, with grassland degradation degree enhancement and increase; enhance available manganese content with altitude increased and the degradation degree of meadow is variation reduction.(3) The soil bulk density, average infiltration rate, pH, total potassium, available nitrogen,available phosphorus,invertase is a key environmental factor meadow soil microbiological characteristics variation in Wugong Mountain. The average permeability,soil pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, the number of fungi OTUs 5 indicators that can be used to evaluate the Wugong Mountain minimum data set (MDS) of different tourism disturbance the degree of meadow soil quality index(SQI), the average permeability of soil, pH is the core factor for soil quality evaluation. The soil quality from better to worse were 1600 m>1700 m> 1900 m>1800 m, the soil quality index(SQI) were 0.705,0.683, 0.539, 0.612; The soil quality of different degraded levels was CK>LD>MD>SD, the soil quality index(SQI) were 0.612, 0.493, 0.448, 0.416.(4) Overall, with the increase of elevation and meadow degradation degree, meadow biomass per unit area decreased. There is significant positive correlation between bacterial diversity index and leaf biomass, and bacterial OUTs number and leaf biomass ratio and root biomass ratio respectively positive and negative correlation,Cyanobacteria, there was a negative correlation between plants biomass and Euryarchaeota, and instructed the nitrification bacteria amount of biological spiral a negative correlation. And vegetation biomass is related to balloon bacteria, there was a negative correlation between the number and the biomass of cyanobacteria. Positive correlation between the total biomass and total plant biomass. There was negative correlation between the amount of leaf biomass and a positive correlation between soil catalase and root biomass and total biomass. Invertase was negatively correlated with aboveground biomass. Soil total K, available P were negatively correlated with leaf biomass.