| It has been proved by lots of experiments that the microbial water quality control technology can transfer the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and organic matter in water into harmless to natural products,thus to improve water quality.At the completion of its own growth,it produces high quality natural bait,digestion,immune regulator and other matters that are beneficial to the cultivation objects.Thus the cultivation objects grow more healthy and rapidly.It inhibits the growth of harmful pathogenic bacteria in water by nutrition competition and bactericide produced by itself.So in theory compared with the traditional water control technology,the microbial water control technology can improve farmers’ incomes and reduce the discharges greatly.But the reality is that,farmers adoption of the technology is not high,only about 25%of the them have adopted it.If a technology improves the economic benefit,farmers should be happy to adopt it in theory.But the reality is that farmers’ adoption rates is low.It cause suspicion that whether it can improve the economic and environmental benefits in aquaculture practice as it does in the experiments.is it worth to be promoted?If it do improve farmers’ economic benefits,then why don’t most of them adopt the thechnilogy?What is the differences of farmers’ technology adoption behaviors and the economic technical effects with different farmer characteristics,natural endowments and production characteristics?Can the farmers make choices according to the circumstance reasoningly?This paper tried to answer thoese questions with the field survey data of freshwater pond farming.It discussed about that whether the economic benefit is the only determinant of farmers’ production decision,the applicability of the technology under different circumstancess,and the whether choices of farmers were rational.This paper analyzed the economic and environmental benefits of microbial water control technology by the method of stochastic frontier production function,using the freshwater pond farming survey data and other second-hand data.On the basis of confirmed that the technology can actually improve the economic benefits in production practice,this paper tried to anysis what effected farmers decision-making behavior and the technonical effects by the Heckman two-phase model.And then it compared the differences between the directions of the variables in the steps to analyze whether farmers decision-making behaviors were rationality.Combining with the results above,this paper discussed the incentive countermeasures to make farmers use the microbial water control technology reasonly.The environmental emissions value estimation results show that feed is the main way of nitrogen and phosphorus input in freshwater aquaculture,which accounts for about 34.11%and 31.44% of the overall level of output respectively.The absolute emission levels of freshwater auqaculture were different from place to place,but the relative emission rates were not.The research results show that the microbial technology can significantly reduce the discharge rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of aquaculture.And the reduction ratio of them were about 10%and 11.5%respectively.The microbal water control technology was helpful to the environment.In the aspect of the value of reducing the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus,the average shadow prices of them relative to the output were about-49.60 yuan/kg and 139.50 yuan/kg.According to the emission levels above,the value of reducing the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus were+383.9 yuan/mu and-362.7 yuan/mu respectively.Thus the total environmental improvment value of the technology is about 21.2 yuan/mu.The results indicated that the microbial technology has entered all aspects of the freshwater aquaculture in China.The Microbial water quality control technology have a significant role to increase production because the output elasticity of it is significantly positive.Each 1.41 yuan of the the Microbial water quality control input can average increas 2.7 yuan/mu of the outputs with other inputs equal.The Microbial water quality control technology can improve farmers’ income.The output values and the profits of the farmers who have adopted the technology were 270Yuan/Mu and 129Yuan/Mu higher than the farmers who have not adopted it.But the calculated results of the shadow prices of each adopted farmers show that the technical effects were quite different from each other.Heckman two-phase research results show that the economic benefits is not the only determinant of farmers’ production behavior.With other conditions being equal,the probit of the farmer to adopt the technology was higher.When the regional water resources endowment was lesser,the cultural scale was larger,the breeding density was greater,the exchanges between the aquaculture water and the outside world was more frequently,and popularity in the regional market is higher.The technical effects were worser when the tempture was high,the exchanges between the aquaculture water and the outside world was not frequently,regional water resources endowment was more abundant,the scale was larger,the younger the famer is.The results show that the technology was not universally applicable.It can paly its full role only in specified conditions.We compared the influence directions of each variables in the two steps of the Heckman.The result shows that the influence directions of most variables of cultural characteristics and environmental characteristics in the two steps were different except the regional water resources endowment,with other conditions equal.Because of the absence of complete information,the rational farmers have unrational behaviors.To sum up,the results of the study believe that the microbial water tcontrol technology has significant positive internal and external effect.Farmers are rational.But the economic benefit is not the only determination of peasant household technology adoption behavior.Their decision-making behaviors were also determined by household characteristics,the natural endowments and the cultural characteristics.But because lack of effective expectations of the technical effects in their conditions,rational farmers made unrational decions.Based on the above research conclusion,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures:(1)the microbial water control technology is worth to promoting,but it should be adopted by farmers rationally;(2)to strengthen scientific research,and to improve the technical effect;(3)guide farmers making scientific decisions by scientific demonstration;(4)to strengthen technical guidance and ensure the technical effect. |
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