| The problem of global climate change is the focus of scientific research, which involves climate, environment and the way of human production and daily life. The geographical position and climate environment of the Antarctic and Arctic is very special, is the two cold source of earth’s surface and is considered to be the main driver of the global climate change; at the same time, the response to climate change of the polar environment is very sensitive to show obvious amplification effect. Therefore, the role and the polar regions in the global climate change has become a major position in the scientific and social issues of common concern in the world today. The polar scientific expedition came into being, as an important research domain, polar scientific expedition provides a great manner for human to explore the natural mystery and seek the space of development. It is therefore a great cause that will be achievements for the present and benefits for the future generations. Polar surveying and mapping is not only prerequisites for conducting polar research but also reliable guarantees for other relevant research activities. The polar research of China is experiencing a transformation from big county to powerful country and is yet at a critical period of fully conducting polar resource investigation and environmental assessment. The key technologies of geo-informatic resource construction and application service in Antarctic research will advance polar surveying and mapping in terms of capability of independent innovation and construction of informatization system. Furthermore, it will meet the demand of national strategy and scientific research, and guarantee the development of polar surveying and mapping. Regarding geo-informatic resource construction and application service in Antarctic research, two folds are discussed in this paper as follows:The construction plan and method are firstly introduced and followed by discussing the measure of applying geo-information service to scientific research. Several important points are addressed in details in the first part, for example, reference system construction of Antarctic surveying and mapping,1:250 000 scale topographic map over ice-free area,1:50 000 scale topographic map over important areas,1:5 000 or 1:10 000 scale topographic map over research areas, satellite images, and digital terrain models. Accordingly, the second part is elaborated in different aspects such as, the construction of information distribution databases, the design of database management system, the prototype of public service platform, multiple-scale fundamental geoinformation production planning and managing, the research on know-how and service model of providing information over distributed network. Some sub- objectives are addressed as follows:1. Research on the production method and its implementation of multiple-scale geo-informatic products. Taking the construction of GNSS Continuous Operating Reference Station in Victoria areas as an example, this paper discusses the methods for constructing GNSS Continuous Operating Reference Station. This paper discusses the possibility of using a non-metric camera (H4D-60) mounted on a helicopter for aerial photogrammetry over Victoria areas, Antarctica. The method of stereo compilation for 1:5000 scale geo-informatic products is thoroughly discussed. In order to produce 1:50 OOOscale geo-informatic data, a research site is selected over ice-free areas along Prince Charles Mountain for stereo compilation by using high resolution stereo pairs collected from first national resource satellite ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3), facilitated by ICESat GLAS and some other remote sensing data. The mapping products are digital linear graphic (DLG), digital orthophoto map (DOM), and digital elevation model (DEM). Important research is conducted on the construction of 1:250 000 scale topographic database that is downscaled and generalized from 1:50 000 national basic geo-informatic database. The technical strategy and quality control for 1:250 000 scale national basic geo-informatic database is also discussed.2. Research on landcover classification based on the full-waveform signal processing technology for ICESat GLAS. By analyzing the data structure of GLAS, several different methods for full-waveform signal processing are compared, such as data normalization, data smoothing, waveform deconvolution, and Gauss decomposition. By selecting ice-free areas along Prince Charles Mountain as test site, a landcover classification method is implemented based on full-waveform signal.3. Research on the prototype development of geo-informatic resource application service platform. By using mapping products from both domestic surveying departments and international organizations as sample data for database management and data-sharing service, key technologies such as databases, geographical information system, information service based on network are used for the construction of distribution database of geo-informatic data, the prototype development of geo-informatic public service platform. Based on the prototype platform, research is also carried out on multiple-scale fundamental geoinformation production planning and managing, ice velocity monitoring study of Antarctic ice sheet, and an integration experiment of the key technologies of geo-informatic service over distributed network for providing technical platform of Antarctica geoinformation sharing and service.The objectives and conclusions of this paper will provide meaningful references for making scientific plan and engineering implementation of geo-informatic resource and application service in the national polar surveying and mapping. |
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