The Main Town Absorbing Agricultural Transfer Of Population Empirical Research

Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz considered that China’s urbanization and the high-tech development will have a profound influence on19th century human development. China’s facing many new problems and new challenges in the21st century, the small cities and towns are experiencing a rapid changeable era.The National Model Town Planning has issued in March,2014, in which it proposed mang suggestions, such as increasing the radiation function of central city, speeding up the development of small and medium-sized cities, focusing on the small towns and promoting the coordinated development of large and medium-sized city and small town.18th Central Committee of the Communist has put forward that we should promote the urbanization of population, and transfer of agricultural population to urban residents gradually, which will play a crucial role in the urbanization process through absorbing the transferring agricultural people by the key towns who have comparative advantages in industrial policy or resources.The transferring agricultural people have some difficulties and obstacles such as be marginalized, frequent migration and the difficulty of stay in the city. At present, the peasant laborers are actually suffering from labor remuneration, education, household and others social exclusions. This kind of institutional exclusion hindered peasant laborers’ city integration and unable to effectively guarantee the rights and interests of these people.Comparing with big cities, The advantage of key towns are depending on its low barrier to entry, especially in the low cost of living. On the one hand, the development of these key towns need supports from the transferring agricultural people in order to promote the accumulation of other factors, on the other hand, these key towns will offer favorable conditions for agricultural people at the same time.Under these conditions, the research on key cities and towns to absorb agricultural labor force migration became particularly urgent and necessary.This paper discusses this question from the view of immigration, taking agricultural labor force migration(according to the important towns)as a research object, divided into two stages:"immigration" and "settlement", that also means how agricultural labor force migration moved into towns and settle down.Based on the two stage, this article is mainly to answer two questions:firstly, how laws and regulations will affect agricultural labor force migration when moved into towns and settle down here, and what’s the attitude about settle down in towns around these specific groups.Secondly, Which factors will influence their choices, and compare with big cities, what kind of characteristics exists there.Base on the two questions above, the article will focus the general problems about key cities and towns to absorb agricultural transfer of population at the theoretical level, and analyze the influence from the perspective of agricultural labor force migration, and how laws and regulations will affect agricultural labor force migration to settle down in towns, including the employment, social insurance, education background and their attitude, then author will further do the empirical research about the influence factor which based on the willing of labor force migration to settle down in towns(according to the data of13experimental town in Fuzhou), and with comparison and analysis the related articles about the data which are concerning about the people who willing of settle down to big towns and cities.Article will discuss the discrepancy of different attitude, then put forward the suggestion about accelerate the construction of experimental town to absorb agricultural labor force.Here have some main conclusions as follows:1.The key towns and cities in the paper which should satisfy the following requirements:have large population, location advantage, development potential, convenient services, high planning and management level.The key towns including national key towns, the district center comprehensive reform towns and some particular cities. The labor force migration will cover migrant workers and other dependent family members living together.The key towns to absorb eligible workers who have left agricultural work will divided into two stages:part A is"immigration", that means turn agricultural production into non-farming work, or we can say "move into towns"part B is "settlement", it mainly refers to the eligible workers who have left agricultural work to become urban residents gradually, so it’s also means the stage of "settle in towns and cities." 2. Since the reform and opening up, the development of the small towns has experienced the great change from "focus on the small towns"to "have the plan to develop the small towns ", and as to the absorb eligible workers, we have experienced some changes from "strict control of the rural people into the small towns","allowing farmers who’s work as workers, businessman and services to settle down in towns","accelerating the reform of household registration of the towns and let migrant workers to settle down"to"letting eligible rural migrant workers become urban residents".But at this stage, not any small towns which can be seem as the key point that should be speed up the development and strengthen the construction at present.The key to promote the progress of the peasant’s citizenship is relying on the trial of the comprehensive reform of towns and cities. And all of these are according to the bearing capacity of economic systems, social system and resource system. Here lists three ways to take in eligible workers who have left agricultural work:first part is permanent resident in the town, also refer to the elementary population in small towns.The second part urbanization locally.lt means the transformation of surplus agricultural labor force after realize agricultural modernization, mechanization, industrialization and scale expansion in own town or nearby the town.The third part is urbanization from home.These kind of urbanization including urbanization of cross-regional as "rural areas—small town" and urbanization of population transfer as "small town—small town", including new industrial workers, service workers and self-employed who has studied and work here.But in the process of the trial of the comprehensive reform of towns and cities, there still exist some difficulties like the current imperfect social security system, the problem of the transformation of farmers’ status, low sense of belonging in immigrant city.3.System is paly a vital role in absorb agricultural people into key towns, the current system have a great resistance in this part, and it indirect impact people’s willing of whether to settle down the key towns. Household register system has become one of the major barriers, it have a strong impact on people’s choice of "settle down in key towns."The system of the labor market let agricultural people in the state of non-standard employment, increasing the cost of getting a job and reduces the work rewards, influencing the economic income, wavering their willing of stay in key towns.Social insurance system is also a big problem, the imperfection of which influence the agricultural people to enjoy the same treatment with urban residents, so as to lower the willing of settle down towns.Besides, there exist a lot of problems in the moving of rural land circulation which reduces the enthusiasm of agricultural people into key towns, and unfair education and training system is also a big trouble that Inhibition of people’s willingness to settle down in key towns.4.0n the basis of the analysis, the article make a investigation in paper to13experiment towns,390agricultural people in Fuzhou about their willing to settle down in towns and proposed some assumption concerning with several part as the employment situation, social security situation, education background, personal family characteristics and so on.Through some empirical analysis like described the sample characteristics, statistical techniques, cross-column table, logistic and so on, it is concluded some different views from agricultural people’s willing of settle down in big cities.There have some population differences between agricultural people and the city, male from agricultural people are more like to settle down in city than female, and it’s counter to the population in city. With the increase of age, people more likely to stay in city, but when they get older or to a particular age, this tendency is receded.In addition, some variable of satisfaction about housing conditions, whether have a friend in town, familiarity with local dialect, marital status have much impact on agricultural people’s willing, from the other side, degree of education and absolute income level have not impacted performance significantly.5.Approached from three major issues to improve the ability of absorb agricultural labor force in key towns:social security system construction, social capital of cultivating people to settle down in key towns and the relevant system innovation.To be specific, it is necessary to build housing security system; strengthening the countryside land social security systems and economic security function;accumulating people’s social capital such as society, human resource, economy, politics;accelerating the innovation in household registration system, labor market, and educational training so as to consolidate system base.